Resource Types

This is the latest version of this vocabulary

Description

The Resource Type vocabulary defines concepts to identify the genre of a resource. Such resources, like publications, research data, audio and video objects, are typically deposited in institutional and thematic repositories or published in ejournals. This vocabulary supports a hierarchical model that relates narrower and broader concepts. Multilingual labels regard regional distinctions in language and term. Concepts of this vocabulary are mapped with terms and concepts of similar vocabularies and dictionaries.

Released

2022-09-29

Namespace URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/

Vocabulary PID

https://vocabularies.coar-repositories.org/resource_types/

Versions

Other views

Creators

  • Cristina Azorín (Catalan translation)
  • Paola Azrilevich (Spanish translation)
  • Isabel Bernal (Spanish translation)
  • Gültekin Gürdal (Turkish translation)
  • Sawsan Habre (Arabic translation)
  • Juha Hakala (Finnish translation)
  • Yutaka Hayashi (Japanese translation)
  • Ilkay Holt (Turkish translation)
  • Nie Hua (Chinese translation)
  • Hilary Jones (English translation)
  • Tomoko Kataoka (Japanese translation)
  • Laurence Le Borgne (French translation)
  • Ku (Alan) Liping (Chinese translation)
  • Marina Losada (Catalan translation)
  • Susanna Mornati (Italian translation)
  • Brigit Nonó (Catalan translation)
  • Milan Ojsteršek (Slovenian translation)
  • Pedro Príncipe (Portuguese translation)
  • Irina Razumova (Russian translation)
  • Jochen Schirrwagen (German translation)
  • Milica Sevkusic (Serbian translation)
  • Wilko Steinhoff (Dutch translation)

Contributors

  • COAR Controlled Vocabularies Interest Group

Change Log

  • Serbian translations added
  • The Dataset top concept was expanded to include 13 sub-concepts: aggregated data, clinical trial data, compiled data, encoded data, experimental data, genomic data, geospatial data, laboratory notebook, measurement and test data, observational data, recorded data, simulation data and survey data.
  • The Patent top concept was expanded to include 6 sub-concepts: PCT application, design patent, plant patent, plant variety protection, software patent and utility model.
  • The Design top concept was expanded to include 2 sub-concepts: industrial design and layout design.
  • The following concepts/sub-concepts were added: source code, conference presentation, other periodical, research protocol, peer review, commentary, transcription and trademark.
  • The following concepts were removed from this version of the vocabulary: interview, report par, contribution to journal, internal report, other type of report, report to funding agency and periodical. These concepts remains in the earlier versions of the vocabulary, and the PURL URIs continue to resolve.

Concepts

bibliography

Definition

A list of the books and articles that have been used by someone when writing a particular book or article [Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/bibliography]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_86bc

Preferred Labels

  • Bibliografie (Deutsch)
  • bibliografia (Italiano)
  • bibliografia (Català)
  • bibliografia (Suomi)
  • bibliografia (Português)
  • bibliografie (Nederlands)
  • bibliografie (Čeština)
  • bibliografija (Српски)
  • bibliografija (Slovenščina)
  • bibliografía (Español)
  • bibliographie (Français)
  • bibliography (English)
  • kaynakça (Türkçe)
  • библиография (Русский)
  • библиографија (Српски)
  • بيبليوغرافيا (العربية)
  • 文献目录 (中文)
  • 書誌 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • bibliografia (Español)
  • bibliyografya (Türkçe)
  • přehled literatury (Čeština)
  • لائحة مراجع (العربية)
  • 书目 (中文)
  • 文獻目錄 (中文)
  • 書目 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text

project deliverable

Definition

A document containing a project report, intended to be delivered to a customer or funding agency describing the results achieved within a specific project. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectReportDocument]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18op

Preferred Labels

  • Ergebnis im Projekt (Deutsch)
  • deliverable di progetto (Italiano)
  • entrega de projecte (Català)
  • entregable de proyecto (Español)
  • entregável de projeto (Português)
  • hankkeen suorite (Suomi)
  • izdelek projekta (Slovenščina)
  • livrable (Français)
  • proje çıktısı (Türkçe)
  • project deliverable (English)
  • projectresultaat (Nederlands)
  • rezultat projekta (Српски)
  • výstup projektu (Čeština)
  • резултат пројекта (Српски)
  • результат проекта (Русский)
  • مشروع للتسليم (العربية)
  • プロジェクト報告書 (日本語)
  • 项目可交付成果 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • informes de projectes (Català)
  • livrable de projet (Français)
  • memoria de proyecto (Español)
  • produto de projeto (Português)
  • recensão (Português)
  • resultado de projeto (Português)
  • risultato di progetto (Italiano)
  • 項目可交付成果 (中文)

Broader Concepts

patent

Definition

A patent or patent application.

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_15cd

Preferred Labels

  • Patent (Deutsch)
  • brevet (Français)
  • brevetto (Italiano)
  • patent (Čeština)
  • patent (Српски)
  • patent (English)
  • patent (Català)
  • patent (Nederlands)
  • patent (Türkçe)
  • patente (Português)
  • patente (Español)
  • patentti (Suomi)
  • патент (Русский)
  • патент (Српски)
  • براءة الاختراع (العربية)
  • 专利 (中文)
  • 特許 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • patent (Slovenščina)
  • patente de invencion (Español)
  • patente de invención (Español)
  • patents (English)
  • 專利 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Patent
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Patent

conference presentation

Definition

A set of slides containing text, tables or figures, designed to communicate ideas or research results, for projection and viewing by an audience at a conference, symposium, seminar, lecture, workshop or other gatherings. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Presentation]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/R60J-J5BD

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzpräsentation (Deutsch)
  • conference presentation (English)
  • conferentie presentatie (Nederlands)
  • konferans sunumu (Türkçe)
  • konferenssiesitelmä (Suomi)
  • predstavitev na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • presentació a congrés (Català)
  • presentación de congreso (Español)
  • presentazione a convegno (Italiano)
  • prezentacija sa konferencije (Српски)
  • support de présentation à une conférence (Français)
  • конференционная презентация (Русский)
  • презентација са конференције (Српски)
  • 会議発表資料 (日本語)
  • 会议演示报告 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • presentació de comunicació (Català)
  • presentació de conferència (Català)
  • presentación (Español)

Broader Concepts

journal

Definition

A journal is a serial publication devoted to disseminating original research and current developments on a subject. (Adapted from ODLIS) [Source: http://dspacecris.eurocris.org/cris/classcerif/classcerif00422]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_0640

Preferred Labels

  • Zeitschrift (Deutsch)
  • dergi (Türkçe)
  • journal (English)
  • odborné periodikum (Čeština)
  • revista (Português)
  • revista (Español)
  • revista científica (Català)
  • revue (Français)
  • rivista (Italiano)
  • tieteellinen kausijulkaisu (Suomi)
  • wetenschappelijk tijdschrift (Nederlands)
  • znanstvena revija (Slovenščina)
  • časopis (Српски)
  • журнал (Русский)
  • часопис (Српски)
  • دورية (العربية)
  • 学术期刊 (中文)
  • 学術雑誌 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • journal (Français)
  • naučni časopis (Српски)
  • odborný časopis (Čeština)
  • periódico (Português)
  • pubblicazione periodica (Italiano)
  • périodique (Français)
  • revista (Català)
  • revista académica (Español)
  • revista académica (Português)
  • revista científica (Português)
  • revista científica (Español)
  • revue scientifique (Français)
  • научни часопис (Српски)
  • دورية علمية (العربية)
  • مجلة علمية (العربية)
  • 学报 (中文)
  • 學報 (中文)
  • 學術期刊 (中文)
  • 科学期刊 (中文)
  • 科學期刊 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Journal
Narrow Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle

clinical trial data

Definition

Data resulting from a research study in which one or more human subjects are prospectively assigned to one or more interventions (which may include placebo or other control) to evaluate the effects of those interventions on health-related biomedical or behavioral outcomes. [Source: Adapted from https://grants.nih.gov/policy/clinical-trials/definition.htm]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_cb28

Preferred Labels

  • clinical trial data (English)
  • dades d'assajos clínics (Català)
  • dados de ensaios clínicos (Português)
  • dati di trial clinico (Italiano)
  • donnée d'essai clinique (Français)
  • ensayo clínico (Español)
  • kliinisellä kokeella tuotettu data (Suomi)
  • klinik deney verisi (Türkçe)
  • klinische Daten (Deutsch)
  • klinische studie data (Nederlands)
  • podaci iz kliničkih ispitivanja (Српски)
  • podatki kliničnih preskušanj (Slovenščina)
  • данные клинических испытаний (Русский)
  • подаци из клиничких испитивања (Српски)
  • 临床试验数据 (中文)
  • 臨床試験データ (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • dades d'estudis clínics (Català)
  • essai thérapeutique (Français)
  • klinisch-wetenschappelijke data (Nederlands)
  • klinično preskušanje (Slovenščina)
  • podaci iz kliničkih studija (Српски)
  • randomized control trial (English)
  • подаци из клиничких студија (Српски)

Broader Concepts

geospatial data

Definition

Geospatial data are any type of data with spatial coordinates that allow them to be mapped to the Earth's surface. They can represent physical objects, discrete areas or continuous surfaces. Discrete geospatial data are usually represented using vector data consisting of points, lines and polygons, while continuous geospatial data are usually represented by raster data, consisting of a grid of cells that each has its own value. Any number of applications in a wide range of areas produce geospatial data, such as GIS, Remote Sensing equipment, GPS units, archaeological total stations, manual mapping and computer-aided design (CAD), in a number of formats, including images, vector, text, and tabular data. Vector-based geospatial data include tables listing archaeological sites along with their coordinates, text-based files (e.g., XML) containing coordinates and topology for historic road networks, voting figures for political parties by administrative area. Raster-based geospatial data include satellite images, aerial photographs, scanned maps, and digital maps of elevations, vegetation, land-use, sea surface temperatures, air pollution, soil-types, etc. [Source: https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/GeneralDataFormat_2.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/2H0M-X761

Preferred Labels

  • Geodaten (Deutsch)
  • coğrafi uzamsal veri (Türkçe)
  • dades geoespacials (Català)
  • dados geoespaciais (Português)
  • dati geospaziali (Italiano)
  • datos geoespaciales (Español)
  • donnée géospatiale (Français)
  • geoprostorni podaci (Српски)
  • geoprostorski podatki (Slovenščina)
  • geospatial data (English)
  • geospatiale gegevens (Nederlands)
  • paikkatieto (Suomi)
  • геопросторни подаци (Српски)
  • геопространственные данные (Русский)
  • 地理空間データ (日本語)
  • 地理空间数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • dades geogràfiques (Català)
  • jeo uzamsal veri (Türkçe)
  • locatie data (Nederlands)
  • prostorni podaci (Српски)
  • просторни подаци (Српски)

Broader Concepts

research proposal

Definition

A research proposal is a document proposing a research project, generally in the sciences or academia, and generally constitutes a request for sponsorship of that research. [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_proposal]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_baaf

Preferred Labels

  • Exposé (Deutsch)
  • araştırma önerisi (Türkçe)
  • návrh výzkumného projektu (Čeština)
  • onderzoeksvoorstel (Nederlands)
  • predlog istraživačkog projekta (Српски)
  • predlog raziskave (Slovenščina)
  • projet de recherche (Français)
  • proposta de investigação (Português)
  • proposta di progetto (Italiano)
  • propuesta de investigación (Español)
  • propuesta de recerca (Català)
  • research proposal (English)
  • tutkimusehdotus (Suomi)
  • исследовательское предложение (Русский)
  • предлог истраживачког пројекта (Српски)
  • اقتراح بحث (العربية)
  • 研究計画書 (日本語)
  • 研究计划 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • proposta de projeto (Português)
  • proposta di ricerca (Italiano)
  • propuesta d'investigació (Català)
  • propuesta de investigacion (Español)
  • propuesta de projecte (Català)
  • propuesta de proyecto (Español)
  • raziskovalna prijava (Slovenščina)
  • researchProposal (English)
  • réponse à appel à projet (Français)
  • مقترح بحث (العربية)
  • 研究方案 (中文)
  • 研究計劃 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GrantApplicationDocument

commentary

Definition

A commentary is a more in-depth analysis written to draw attention to a work already published. Commentaries are somewhat like “reviews” in that the author presents his or her analysis of a work and why it would be of interest to a specific audience. [Source: https://www.enago.com/academy/perspective-opinion-and-commentary-pieces]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/D97F-VB57

Preferred Labels

  • Kommentar (Deutsch)
  • comentario (Español)
  • commentaar (Nederlands)
  • commentaire (Français)
  • commentario (Italiano)
  • commentary (English)
  • komentar (Slovenščina)
  • komentar (Српски)
  • kritiikki (Suomi)
  • opinió (Català)
  • yorum (Türkçe)
  • коментар (Српски)
  • комментарий (Português)
  • комментарий (Русский)
  • 論評 (日本語)
  • 评注 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • comentari (Català)
  • değerlendirme (Türkçe)

Broader Concepts

simulation data

Definition

Data resulting from modeling or imitative representation of real-world processes, events, or systems, often using computer programs. For example, a program modeling household consumption responses to indirect tax changes; or a dataset on hypothetical patients and their drug exposure, background conditions, and known adverse events. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/W2XT-7017

Preferred Labels

  • Simulationsdaten (Deutsch)
  • dades de simulacions (Català)
  • dados de simulação (Português)
  • dati di simulazione (Italiano)
  • datos de simulación (Español)
  • donnée de simulation (Français)
  • simulaatiolla tuotettu data (Suomi)
  • simulacijski podatki (Slovenščina)
  • simulacioni podaci (Српски)
  • simulatiedata (Nederlands)
  • simulation data (English)
  • simülasyon verisi (Türkçe)
  • данные моделирования (Русский)
  • симулациони подаци (Српски)
  • シミュレーションデータ (日本語)
  • 模拟数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • podaci dobijeni simulacijom (Српски)
  • simulatiegegevens (Nederlands)
  • подаци добијени симулацијом (Српски)

Broader Concepts

conference paper

Definition

A paper, published within a conference proceeding, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePaper]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5794

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzbeitrag (Deutsch)
  • article dans une conférence (Français)
  • artikkeli konferenssijulkaisussa (Suomi)
  • comunicació de congrés (Català)
  • comunicación de congreso (Español)
  • comunicazione a congresso (Italiano)
  • comunicação em conferência (Português)
  • conference paper (English)
  • conferentie paper (Nederlands)
  • konferans belgesi (Türkçe)
  • příspěvek na konferenci (Čeština)
  • saopštenje sa konferencije (Српски)
  • članek na konfrenci (Slovenščina)
  • конференционный доклад (Русский)
  • саопштење са конференције (Српски)
  • ورقة مؤتمر (العربية)
  • 会議発表論文 (日本語)
  • 会议论文 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • apresentação em conferência (Português)
  • apresentação em congresso (Português)
  • article de conférence (Français)
  • article de congrès (Français)
  • artigo de conferência (Português)
  • artigo de congresso (Português)
  • comunicacion de conferencia (Español)
  • comunicacion de congreso (Español)
  • comunicación de conferencia (Español)
  • comunicação (Português)
  • comunicação em congresso (Português)
  • conferencePaper (English)
  • documento presentado en un congreso (Español)
  • documento presentado en una conferencia (Español)
  • objavljeno saopštenje sa konferencije (Српски)
  • presentacion de congreso (Español)
  • presentació de congrés (Català)
  • presentación de congreso (Español)
  • prispevek na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • rad sa konferencije (Српски)
  • trabajo presentado en un congreso (Español)
  • trabajo presentado en una conferencia (Español)
  • članek na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • článek ve sborníku konference (Čeština)
  • објављено саопштење са конференције (Српски)
  • рад са конференције (Српски)
  • اوراق المؤتمر (العربية)
  • 会议文章 (中文)
  • 會議文章 (中文)
  • 會議論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Event
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePaper
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper

clinical study

Definition

A work that reports on the results of a research study to evaluate interventions or exposures on biomedical or health-related outcomes. The two main types of clinical studies are interventional studies (clinical trials) and observational studies. While most clinical studies concern humans, this publication type may be used for clinical veterinary articles meeting the requisites for humans. [Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/2009830]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7877

Preferred Labels

  • Klinik çalışması (Türkçe)
  • clinical study (English)
  • estudi clínic (Català)
  • estudio clínico (Español)
  • kliininen tutkimus (Suomi)
  • klinische Studie (Deutsch)
  • klinische studie (Nederlands)
  • klinička studija (Српски)
  • klinična študija (Slovenščina)
  • studio clinico (Italiano)
  • étude clinique (Français)
  • клиническое исследование (Русский)
  • клиничка студија (Српски)

Alternate Labels

  • essai clinique (Français)
  • klinisch onderzoek (Nederlands)
  • 臨床研究 (日本語)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Related Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalCaseReport

conference proceedings

Definition

Conference proceedings is the official record of a conference meeting. It is a collection of documents which corresponds to the presentations given at the conference. It may include additional content. [Source: http://www.ieee.org/documents/confprocdefined.pdf ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_f744

Preferred Labels

  • Tagungsband (Deutsch)
  • actas de congreso (Español)
  • actes de conférence (Français)
  • actes de congrés (Català)
  • atas de conferência (Português)
  • atti di congresso (Italiano)
  • conference proceedings (English)
  • conference proceedings (Nederlands)
  • konferans bildirileri (Türkçe)
  • konferenssijulkaisu (Suomi)
  • sborník konference (Čeština)
  • zbornik prispevkov na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • zbornik saopštenja sa konferencije (Српски)
  • зборник саопштења са конференције (Српски)
  • материалы конференций (Русский)
  • وقائع المؤتمر (العربية)
  • 会議録 (日本語)
  • 会议论文集 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • actas de conferencia (Español)
  • actas de conferência (Português)
  • actas de congresso (Português)
  • actes de congrès (Français)
  • akta kongresa (Српски)
  • atas de congresso (Português)
  • libro de ponencias (Español)
  • llibre de ponències (Català)
  • zbornik radova sa konferencije (Српски)
  • акта конгреса (Српски)
  • зборник радова са конференције (Српски)
  • اعمال المؤتمر (العربية)
  • اوراق المؤتمر (العربية)
  • 会刊 (中文)
  • 會刊 (中文)
  • 會議論文集 (中文)

Broader Concepts

compiled data

Definition

Data collected or assembled from multiple, often heterogeneous sources that have one or more reference points in common, and at least one of the sources was originally produced for other purposes. The data are incorporated in a new entity. For example, providing data on the number of universities in the last 150 years using a variety of available sources (e.g. finance documents, official statistics, university registers), combining survey data with information about geographical areas from official statistics (e.g. population density, doctors per capita, etc.), or using RSS to collect blog posts or tweets, etc. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/FXF3-D3G7

Preferred Labels

  • compiled data (English)
  • dades compilades (Català)
  • dados compilados (Português)
  • dati compilati (Italiano)
  • datos compilados (Español)
  • derlenmiş veri (Türkçe)
  • donnée compilée (Français)
  • gecompileerde data (Nederlands)
  • kompilacija podataka (Српски)
  • kompilierte Daten (Deutsch)
  • sestavljeni podatki (Slovenščina)
  • yhdistetty data (Suomi)
  • компилација података (Српски)
  • компилированные данные (Русский)
  • 汇编数据 (中文)
  • 編集データ (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • kompilirani podaci (Српски)
  • компилирани подаци (Српски)

Broader Concepts

encoded data

Definition

Qualitative data (textual, video, audio or still-image) originally produced for other purposes into quantitative data (expressed in unit-by-variable matrices) by using coding techniques in accordance with pre-defined categorization schemes. For example, coded party manifesto data like the "European Parliament Election Study 2009, Manifesto Study" (doi:10.4232/1.10204)". [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/AM6W-6QAW

Preferred Labels

  • dades codificades (Català)
  • dados codificados (Português)
  • dati codificati (Italiano)
  • datos codificados (Español)
  • donnée encodée (Français)
  • encoded data (English)
  • geëncodeerde data (Nederlands)
  • kodierte Daten (Deutsch)
  • kodirani podaci (Српски)
  • kodirani podatki (Slovenščina)
  • kodlanmış veri (Türkçe)
  • koodattu data (Suomi)
  • кодирани подаци (Српски)
  • кодированные данные (Русский)
  • 符号化データ (日本語)
  • 编码数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • donnée codée (Français)

Broader Concepts

book

Definition

A non-serial publication that is complete in one volume or a designated finite number of volumes. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/eprint/type/Book]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33

Preferred Labels

  • Buch (Deutsch)
  • boek (Nederlands)
  • book (English)
  • kirja (Suomi)
  • kitap (Türkçe)
  • kniha (Čeština)
  • knjiga (Српски)
  • libro (Italiano)
  • libro (Español)
  • livro (Português)
  • llibre (Català)
  • monografija (Slovenščina)
  • ouvrage (Français)
  • книга (Русский)
  • књига (Српски)
  • كتاب (العربية)
  • 书 (中文)
  • 図書 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Monographie (Deutsch)
  • audiobook (English)
  • books (English)
  • e-book (English)
  • knjiga (Slovenščina)
  • livre (Français)
  • monografia (Italiano)
  • monografia (Español)
  • monografia (Português)
  • monografia (Català)
  • monografie (Čeština)
  • monografija (Српски)
  • monografía (Español)
  • monograph (English)
  • monographie (Français)
  • obra monografica (Español)
  • obra monográfica (Español)
  • монографија (Српски)
  • افرودة (العربية)
  • 专著 (中文)
  • 图书 (中文)
  • 圖書 (中文)
  • 專著 (中文)
  • 書 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Book
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Book
Narrow Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/BookReview
Related Match: https://schema.org/Book

observational data

Definition

Data resulting from observational research, which involves collecting observations as they occur (for example, observing behaviors, events, development of condition or disease, etc.), without attempting to manipulate any of the independent variables. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/FF4C-28RK

Preferred Labels

  • Beobachtungsdaten (Deutsch)
  • dades observacionals (Català)
  • dados observacionais (Português)
  • dati osservazionali (Italiano)
  • datos observacionales (Español)
  • donnée d'observation (Français)
  • gözlemsel veri (Türkçe)
  • havaintoaineisto (Suomi)
  • observatiedata (Nederlands)
  • observational data (English)
  • opazovalni podatki (Slovenščina)
  • podaci prikupljeni posmatranjem (Српски)
  • данные наблюдений (Русский)
  • подаци прикупљени посматрањем (Српски)
  • 観測データ (日本語)
  • 观测数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • dades d'observació (Català)

Broader Concepts

map

Definition

Defined as a representation normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on, or in relation to, the surface of the earth or of another celestial body. [Source: https://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bd007a.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_12cd

Preferred Labels

  • Karte (Deutsch)
  • carte géographique (Français)
  • harita (Türkçe)
  • kaart (Nederlands)
  • kartta (Suomi)
  • map (English)
  • mapa (Català)
  • mapa (Português)
  • mapa (Español)
  • mapa (Čeština)
  • mapa (Српски)
  • mappa (Italiano)
  • zemljevid (Slovenščina)
  • карта (Русский)
  • мапа (Српски)
  • خارطة (العربية)
  • 地図 (日本語)
  • 地图 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • carte (Français)
  • geografska karta (Slovenščina)
  • geografska karta (Српски)
  • plan (Français)
  • географска карта (Српски)
  • отображение (Русский)
  • план (Русский)
  • чертёж (Русский)
  • 地圖 (中文)

Broader Concepts

technical documentation

Definition

Technical documentation refers to any type of documentation that describes handling, functionality and architecture of a technical product or a product under development or use. [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_documentation]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_71bd

Preferred Labels

  • Technische Dokumentation (Deutsch)
  • documentació tècnica (Català)
  • documentación técnica (Español)
  • documentazione tecnica (Italiano)
  • documentação técnica (Português)
  • manuel technique (Français)
  • technical documentation (English)
  • technická dokumentace (Čeština)
  • technische documentatie (Nederlands)
  • tehnička dokumentacija (Српски)
  • tehnična dokumentacija (Slovenščina)
  • teknik dokümantasyon (Türkçe)
  • tekninen dokumentaatio (Suomi)
  • техническая документация (Русский)
  • техничка документација (Српски)
  • وثائق تقنية (العربية)
  • 技术资料 (中文)
  • 技術文書 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Technische Unterlagen (Deutsch)
  • documentacion tecnica (Español)
  • documentation technique (Français)
  • manual (Català)
  • manual (Español)
  • manual técnico (Português)
  • manuale tecnico (Italiano)
  • كتيب (العربية)
  • 技术文档 (中文)
  • 技术文献 (中文)
  • 技術文檔 (中文)
  • 技術文獻 (中文)
  • 技術資料 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Broad Match: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Document

design

Definition

Plans, drawing or set of drawings showing how something e.g. building, product is to be made and how it will work and look. [Source: Adapted from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/design]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/542X-3S04

Preferred Labels

  • design (Italiano)
  • design (English)
  • diseño (Español)
  • disseny (Català)
  • dizajn (Српски)
  • oblikovanje (Slovenščina)
  • ontwerp (Nederlands)
  • schéma (Français)
  • suunnitelma (Suomi)
  • tasarım (Türkçe)
  • дизайн (Русский)
  • дизајн (Српски)
  • デザイン (日本語)
  • 设计 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • dizajn (Slovenščina)

Narrower Concepts

newspaper article

Definition

Work consisting of a news item appearing in a general-interest newspaper or other general news periodical, containing information of current and timely interest in a field. (Adapted from http://www.reference.md/files/D018/mD018431.html )

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_998f

Preferred Labels

  • Gazete kupürü (Türkçe)
  • Zeitungsartikel (Deutsch)
  • article de diari (Català)
  • article de journal (Français)
  • articolo di giornale (Italiano)
  • artículo de periódico (Español)
  • krantenartikel (Nederlands)
  • newspaper article (English)
  • novinski članak (Српски)
  • sanomalehtiartikkeli (Suomi)
  • članek v časopisu (Slovenščina)
  • газетная статья (Русский)
  • новински чланак (Српски)
  • 新聞記事 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Gazete yazısı (Türkçe)
  • article de periòdic (Català)
  • articulo de diario (Español)
  • articulo de periodico (Español)
  • artículo de diario (Español)
  • članak u novinama (Српски)
  • чланак у новинама (Српски)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: https://schema.org/Article

laboratory notebook

Definition

A laboratory notebook (colloq. lab notebook or lab book) is a primary record of research. Researchers use a lab notebook to document their hypotheses, experiments and initial analysis or interpretation of these experiments. This label is used both for traditional and electronic laboratory notebook. [Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab_notebook]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/H41Y-FW7B

Preferred Labels

  • Laborjournal (Deutsch)
  • caderno de laboratório (Português)
  • carnet de laboratoire (Français)
  • cuaderno de laboratorio (Español)
  • laboratorijska beležka (Slovenščina)
  • laboratorijske beleške (Српски)
  • laboratoriopäiväkirja (Suomi)
  • laboratorium-notitieboek (Nederlands)
  • laboratory notebook (English)
  • laboratuvar defteri (Türkçe)
  • llibreta de laboratori (Català)
  • quaderno di laboratorio (Italiano)
  • лабораторијске белешке (Српски)
  • лабораторный блокнот (Русский)
  • 实验室记录本 (中文)
  • 実験ノート (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • cahier de laboratoire (Français)
  • cuaderno electrónico de laboratorio (Español)
  • elektronik laboratuvar defteri (Türkçe)
  • laboratorijski zapis (Slovenščina)
  • laboratorijski zvezek (Slovenščina)
  • quadern de camp (Català)
  • quadern de laboratori (Català)

Broader Concepts

musical composition

Definition

Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating a new piece of music. [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_composition ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cd

Preferred Labels

  • composició musical (Català)
  • composición musical (Español)
  • composition musicale (Français)
  • composizione musicale (Italiano)
  • composição musical (Português)
  • hudební skladba (Čeština)
  • musical composition (English)
  • musikalische Komposition (Deutsch)
  • muzikale compositie (Nederlands)
  • muzička kompozicija (Српски)
  • müzikal kompozisyon (Türkçe)
  • skladba (Slovenščina)
  • sävellys (Suomi)
  • музичка композиција (Српски)
  • музыкальное произведение (Русский)
  • تأليف موسيقي (العربية)
  • 音乐 (中文)
  • 音楽 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Tonsatz (Deutsch)
  • composicion musical (Español)
  • glasbeno delo (Slovenščina)
  • hudební kompozice (Čeština)
  • obra de musica (Español)
  • obra de música (Español)
  • obra musical (Español)
  • partitura (Català)
  • pieza de musica (Español)
  • pieza de música (Español)
  • pieza musical (Español)
  • قطعة موسيقية (العربية)
  • 音乐作品 (中文)
  • 音樂 (中文)
  • 音樂作品 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: https://schema.org/MusicComposition

memorandum

Definition

A formal note distributed internally to one or more persons in a company, agency, organization, or institution, with a header indicating the date it was sent and stating to whom it is addressed (To:), from whom it is sent (From:), and the subject of the text (Re:). Unlike a letter, a memo does not require a full salutation or signature at the end of the text--the sender may simply initial his or her name in the header. [Source: https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_m.aspx#memorandum]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18wz

Preferred Labels

  • Memorandum (Deutsch)
  • bilgi notu (Türkçe)
  • memorando (Português)
  • memorandum (Italiano)
  • memorandum (Čeština)
  • memorandum (Slovenščina)
  • memorandum (Српски)
  • memorandum (English)
  • memorandum (Nederlands)
  • memoràndum (Català)
  • memorándum (Español)
  • muistio (Suomi)
  • mémo (Français)
  • меморандум (Русский)
  • меморандум (Српски)
  • مذكرة (العربية)
  • メモランダム (日本語)
  • 备忘录 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Denkschrift (Deutsch)
  • circular (Português)
  • circular (Español)
  • comunicación (Español)
  • comunicado (Português)
  • comunicado (Español)
  • memorandum (Français)
  • memòria (Català)
  • razprava (Slovenščina)
  • 備忘錄 (中文)

Broader Concepts

other

Definition

A resource type that is not included in existing terms. [COAR definition]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843

Preferred Labels

  • altres (Català)
  • altro (Italiano)
  • anders (Nederlands)
  • autre (Français)
  • diğer (Türkçe)
  • muu (Suomi)
  • ostalo (Slovenščina)
  • ostalo (Српски)
  • ostatní (Čeština)
  • other (English)
  • otros (Español)
  • outros (Português)
  • sonstige (Deutsch)
  • другое (Русский)
  • остало (Српски)
  • آخر (العربية)
  • その他 (日本語)
  • 其他 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • 其它 (中文)

conference output

Definition

All kind of digital resources contributed to a conference, like conference presentation (slides), conference report, conference lecture, abstracts, demonstrations. For conference papers, posters or proceedings the specific sub-concepts should be used. [COAR definition]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94f

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzveröffentlichung (Deutsch)
  • conference output (English)
  • conferentie bijdrage (Nederlands)
  • contribució a congrés (Català)
  • contribución de congreso (Español)
  • documento de conferência (Português)
  • konferans çıktısı (Türkçe)
  • konferencijski prilog (Српски)
  • objet présenté à une conférence (Français)
  • rezultat na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • risultato di convegno (Italiano)
  • конференц-объект (Русский)
  • конференцијски прилог (Српски)
  • 会議資料 (日本語)
  • 会议对象 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Event

learning object

Definition

A digital resource that can be reused to enhance teaching and learning. [Source: https://icas-ca.org/archive/projects/coerc/oer-glossary]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_e059

Preferred Labels

  • Lernobjekt (Deutsch)
  • learning object (English)
  • leerobject (Nederlands)
  • materiale didattico (Italiano)
  • nastavni materijal (Српски)
  • object d'apprentissage (Français)
  • objecte d’aprenentatge (Català)
  • objeto de aprendizaje (Español)
  • oppimateriaali (Suomi)
  • učno gradivo (Slovenščina)
  • Öğrenim nesnesi (Türkçe)
  • наставни материјал (Српски)
  • учебный объект (Русский)
  • 教材 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Kursmaterial (Deutsch)
  • Lernunterlagen (Deutsch)
  • coursepack (English)
  • odprti učni vir (Slovenščina)
  • open education resource (English)

website

Definition

A collection of related web pages containing text, images, videos and/or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebSite]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7ad9

Preferred Labels

  • Webseite (Deutsch)
  • lloc web (Català)
  • site web (Français)
  • sitio web (Español)
  • sito web (Italiano)
  • spletna stran (Slovenščina)
  • sítio web (Português)
  • veb-sajt (Српски)
  • verkkosivusto (Suomi)
  • web sitesi (Türkçe)
  • webové sídlo (Čeština)
  • website (English)
  • website (Nederlands)
  • веб-сајт (Српски)
  • вебсайт (Русский)
  • موقع الكتروني (العربية)
  • ウェブサイト (日本語)
  • 网站 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • internet prezentacija (Српски)
  • pagina web (Español)
  • paginas web (Español)
  • pagine web (Italiano)
  • portail web (Français)
  • portal (Español)
  • portal web (Español)
  • portal web (Català)
  • pàgina web (Català)
  • página web (Español)
  • página web (Português)
  • páginas web (Español)
  • servidor web (Español)
  • sitios web (Español)
  • sítio na internet (Português)
  • veb-stranica (Српски)
  • web-sivusto (Suomi)
  • webové stránky (Čeština)
  • webpage (English)
  • website (Português)
  • веб-страница (Српски)
  • интернет презентација (Српски)
  • صفحة الويب (العربية)
  • 網站 (中文)
  • 讨论会 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: https://schema.org/WebSite

genomic data

Definition

Genomic data refers to the genome and DNA data of an organism. They are used in bioinformatics for collecting, storing and processing the genomes of living things. Genomic data is a more extensive term than sequencing data. However genomic data mostly come from sequencing techniques. It may include non-sequencing data such as data from microarrays, data from real-time PCR panels and data from pharmacogenomics studies. [Source: Adapted from https://www.techopedia.com/definition/31247/genomic-data]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/A8F1-NPV9

Preferred Labels

  • Genomdaten (Deutsch)
  • dades genòmiques (Català)
  • dados genómicos (Português)
  • dati genomici (Italiano)
  • datos genómicos (Español)
  • donnée génomique (Français)
  • genomic data (English)
  • genomidata (Suomi)
  • genomik veri (Türkçe)
  • genomische data (Nederlands)
  • genomski podaci (Српски)
  • genomski podatki (Slovenščina)
  • геномные данные (Русский)
  • геномски подаци (Српски)
  • ゲノムデータ (日本語)
  • 基因组数据 (中文)

Broader Concepts

working paper

Definition

A working or discussion paper circulated publicly or among a group of peers. Certain disciplines, for example economics, issue working papers in series. [Source: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/repositories/digirep/index/Eprints_Type_Vocabulary_Encoding_Scheme#:~:text=http%3A//purl.org/eprint/type/WorkingPaper]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8042

Preferred Labels

  • Arbeitspapier (Deutsch)
  • delovna verzija članka (Slovenščina)
  • document de treball (Català)
  • documento de trabajo (Español)
  • pracovní dokument (Čeština)
  • radni dokument (Српски)
  • työpaperi (Suomi)
  • working paper (Italiano)
  • working paper (Français)
  • working paper (Português)
  • working paper (English)
  • working paper (Nederlands)
  • ön rapor (Türkçe)
  • рабочий документ (Русский)
  • радни документ (Српски)
  • ورقة عمل (العربية)
  • ワーキングペーパー (日本語)
  • 研究手稿 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • borrador de trabajo (Español)
  • discussion paper (English)
  • document de travail (Français)
  • documento de reflexão (Português)
  • documento de trabalho (Português)
  • documento de trabalho de investigação (Português)
  • documento di lavoro (Italiano)
  • memorando de investigação (Português)
  • papier de travail (Français)
  • prepublicació (Català)
  • préprint (Français)
  • werkdocument (Nederlands)
  • working or discussion paper (English)
  • working paper (Čeština)
  • working papers (English)
  • çalışma belgesi (Türkçe)
  • ön makale (Türkçe)
  • ورقة مناقشة (العربية)
  • 工作底稿 (中文)
  • 未发表论文 (中文)
  • 未發表論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkingPaper
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/WorkingPaper

sound

Definition

A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds. [Source: http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/#dcmitype-Sound]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cc

Preferred Labels

  • Ton (Deutsch)
  • ses (Türkçe)
  • so (Català)
  • som (Português)
  • son (Français)
  • sonido (Español)
  • sound (English)
  • suono (Italiano)
  • zvočni zapis (Slovenščina)
  • zvuk (Čeština)
  • zvučni zapis (Српски)
  • ääni (Suomi)
  • звук (Русский)
  • звучни запис (Српски)
  • صوت (العربية)
  • 声音 (中文)
  • 音声・音楽 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • document sonore (Français)
  • enregistrement sonore (Français)
  • geluid (Nederlands)
  • zvok (Slovenščina)
  • تسجيل صوتي (العربية)
  • 聲音 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: https://schema.org/MediaObject

master thesis

Definition

A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of a graduate course of education leading to a master's degree. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MastersThesis]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc

Preferred Labels

  • Abschlussarbeit (Master) (Deutsch)
  • diplomová práce (Čeština)
  • dissertação de mestrado (Português)
  • magistrsko delo (Slovenščina)
  • maisterintutkielma (Suomi)
  • master thesis (English)
  • master/magistarska teza (Српски)
  • masterscriptie (Nederlands)
  • mémoire de master (Français)
  • tesi di master (Italiano)
  • tesis de maestría (Español)
  • treball final de màster (Català)
  • yüksek lisans tezi (Türkçe)
  • магистерская диссертация (Русский)
  • мастер/магистарска теза (Српски)
  • رسالة ماجستير (العربية)
  • 修士論文 (日本語)
  • 硕士学位论文 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • magistrska naloga (Slovenščina)
  • master dissertation (English)
  • master/magistarski rad (Српски)
  • mémoire de maîtrise (Français)
  • rapport de master (Français)
  • rapport de maîtrise (Français)
  • tese de mestrado (Português)
  • tesina (Català)
  • tesina (Español)
  • tesis de maestria (Español)
  • trabajo final de maestría (Español)
  • trabajo final de master (Español)
  • trabajo final de máster (Español)
  • trabajo final de posgrado (Español)
  • treball de fi de postgrau (Català)
  • мастер/магистарски рад (Српски)
  • 硕士研究生毕业论文 (中文)
  • 碩士學位論文 (中文)
  • 碩士研究生畢業論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Thesis

conference paper not in proceedings

Definition

A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings. Use this label when the paper is not published in a proceeding. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePaper]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cp

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzbeitrag nicht im Tagungsband (Deutsch)
  • article dans une conférence non publié dans les actes (Français)
  • comunicació de congrés no publicada (Català)
  • comunicación no publicada en actas de congreso (Español)
  • comunicazione non pubblicata in atti di congresso (Italiano)
  • comunicação não publicada nas atas da conferência (Português)
  • conference paper not in proceedings (English)
  • conferentie artikel niet in proceedings (Nederlands)
  • konferenssiesitelmä erillisjulkaisuna (Suomi)
  • konferenční příspěvek nezahrnutý ve sborníku (Čeština)
  • neobjavljen članek na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • neobjavljeno saopštenje sa konferencije (Српски)
  • yayınlanmamış konferans bildirisi (Türkçe)
  • конференционный доклад не включенный в материалы конференции (Русский)
  • необјављено саопштење са конференције (Српски)
  • 会議発表論文(会議録未掲載) (日本語)
  • 非会议集里的会议论文 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • article de conférence non publié dans les actes (Français)
  • artigo não publicado nas atas da conferência (Português)
  • artigo não publicado nas atas do congresso (Português)
  • comunicação não publicada nas atas do congresso (Português)
  • conferencepaper not in proceedings (English)
  • 未發表在會議論文集中的文章 (中文)

Broader Concepts

video

Definition

A recording of visual images, usually in motion and with sound accompaniment. [Source: http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/cataloguing/isbd/isbd-cons_20110321.pdf ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_12ce

Preferred Labels

  • Video (Deutsch)
  • video (Српски)
  • video (Čeština)
  • video (English)
  • video (Slovenščina)
  • video (Türkçe)
  • video (Suomi)
  • video (Nederlands)
  • video (Italiano)
  • vidéo (Français)
  • vídeo (Català)
  • vídeo (Português)
  • vídeo (Español)
  • видео (Српски)
  • видео (Русский)
  • فيد يو (العربية)
  • 视频 (中文)
  • 録画資料 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • video (Português)
  • video (Español)
  • video zapis (Српски)
  • видео запис (Српски)
  • 动态影像 (中文)
  • 動態影像 (中文)
  • 視頻 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: https://schema.org/Movie
Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/MovingImage
Broad Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MovingImage

interactive resource

Definition

A resource requiring interaction from the user to be understood, executed, or experienced. Examples include forms on Web pages, applets, multimedia learning objects, chat services, or virtual reality environments. Source: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/InteractiveResource

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_e9a0

Preferred Labels

  • etkileşimli kaynak (Türkçe)
  • interactieve bron (Nederlands)
  • interactive resource (English)
  • interaktiivinen resurssi (Suomi)
  • interaktive Ressource (Deutsch)
  • interaktivna građa (Српски)
  • interaktivní zdroj (Čeština)
  • recurs interactiu (Català)
  • recurso interactivo (Español)
  • recurso interativo (Português)
  • ressource interactive (Français)
  • risorsa interattiva (Italiano)
  • интерактивна грађа (Српски)
  • интерактивный ресурс (Русский)
  • مورد تفاعلي (العربية)
  • インタラクティブリソース (日本語)
  • 互动资源 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • contributo a convegno (Italiano)
  • interaktivni resurs (Српски)
  • interaktivni vir (Slovenščina)
  • recurso interactivo (Português)
  • интерактивни ресурс (Српски)
  • 互動資源 (中文)
  • 交互式資源 (中文)
  • 交互式资源 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

peer review

Definition

An evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field. [Source: Adopted from https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.4/doc/DataCite-MetadataKernel_v4.4.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/H9BQ-739P

Preferred Labels

  • Gutachten (Deutsch)
  • akran değerlendirmesi (Türkçe)
  • avaluació d'experts (Català)
  • peer review (English)
  • peerreview (Nederlands)
  • recenzija (Српски)
  • revisione tra pari (Italiano)
  • revisión por pares (Español)
  • strokovna ocena (Slovenščina)
  • vertaisarviointi (Suomi)
  • évaluation par les pairs (Français)
  • рецензија (Српски)
  • экспертная оценка (Русский)
  • 同行评议 (中文)
  • 査読 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • collegiale toetsing (Nederlands)
  • hakem değerlendirmesi (Türkçe)
  • naučna ili stručna recenzija (Српски)
  • revisió d'experts (Català)
  • revisió entre iguals (Català)
  • revisió per parells (Català)
  • validation par les pairs (Français)
  • научна или стручна рецензија (Српски)

Broader Concepts

musical notation

Definition

Symbols used to write music, as in a music score, and to express mathematical concepts. [Source: Adapted from https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_n.aspx]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cw

Preferred Labels

  • Musiknotation (Deutsch)
  • hudební zápis (Čeština)
  • musical notation (English)
  • muzieknotatie (Nederlands)
  • nota (Türkçe)
  • notació musical (Català)
  • notación musical (Español)
  • notazione musicale (Italiano)
  • notação musical (Português)
  • note (Slovenščina)
  • notni zapis (Српски)
  • nuottikirjoitus (Suomi)
  • partition (Français)
  • нотная запись (Русский)
  • нотни запис (Српски)
  • تدوينة موسيقية (العربية)
  • 乐谱 (中文)
  • 楽譜 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Notenschrift (Deutsch)
  • music notation (English)
  • notacion musical (Español)
  • notenschrift (Nederlands)
  • noty (Čeština)
  • partition de musique (Français)
  • partition musicale (Français)
  • partitura (Español)
  • partitura (Português)
  • مدونة موسيقية (العربية)
  • 樂譜 (中文)

Broader Concepts

other periodical

Definition

A resource type that is not included in existing terms under the top concept "Text". [COAR definition]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/QX5C-AR31

Preferred Labels

  • altre publicació periòdica (Català)
  • altro periodico (Italiano)
  • autre périodique (Français)
  • diğer süreli yayınlar (Türkçe)
  • muu kausijulkaisu (Suomi)
  • ostale periodične publikacije (Српски)
  • ostale serijske publikacije (Slovenščina)
  • other periodical (English)
  • otras publicaciones periódicas (Español)
  • periodieke uitgave (Nederlands)
  • другое периодическое издание (Русский)
  • остале периодичне публикације (Српски)
  • その他の逐次刊行物 (日本語)
  • 其他连续出版物 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • altre publicació en sèrie (Català)
  • anders (Nederlands)
  • ostala periodika (Српски)
  • остала периодика (Српски)

Broader Concepts

book part

Definition

A defined chapter or section of a book, usually with a separate title or number. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookChapter]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248

Preferred Labels

  • Teil eines Buches (Deutsch)
  • boekdeel (Nederlands)
  • book part (English)
  • capitolo di libro (Italiano)
  • capítol de llibre (Català)
  • capítulo de libro (Español)
  • capítulo de livro (Português)
  • chapitre d'ouvrage (Français)
  • kirjan osa (Suomi)
  • kitap bölümü (Türkçe)
  • poglavje v knjigi (Slovenščina)
  • poglavlje u knjizi (Српски)
  • část knihy (Čeština)
  • поглавље у књизи (Српски)
  • часть книги (Русский)
  • جزء من كتاب (العربية)
  • 図書(部分) (日本語)
  • 章节 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Buchkapitel (Deutsch)
  • book chapter (English)
  • capitulo de libro (Español)
  • capítulo (Português)
  • chapitre de livre (Français)
  • chapter (English)
  • chapter in book (English)
  • kapitola v knize (Čeština)
  • paragrafo (Italiano)
  • part de llibre (Català)
  • parte de libro (Español)
  • parte de um livro (Português)
  • partie d'ouvrage (Français)
  • poglavlje u monografiji (Српски)
  • sestavek v knjigi (Slovenščina)
  • поглавље у монографији (Српски)
  • فصل من كتاب (العربية)
  • 章節 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Book
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/BookItem
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookChapter

letter

Definition

A brief description of important new research, also known as “communication”. [Source: https://cerif.eurocris.org/vocab/html/OutputTypes.html#Letter]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_0857

Preferred Labels

  • Brief (Deutsch)
  • brief (Nederlands)
  • carta (Español)
  • carta (Català)
  • carta (Português)
  • comunicazione (Italiano)
  • dopis (Čeština)
  • kirje (Suomi)
  • letter (English)
  • lettre (Français)
  • mektup (Türkçe)
  • pismo (Slovenščina)
  • pismo (Српски)
  • писмо (Српски)
  • письмо (Русский)
  • مراسلة (العربية)
  • 信 (中文)
  • 短報 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Korrespondenz (Deutsch)
  • Leserbrief (Deutsch)
  • dikusijski prispevek (Slovenščina)
  • lettera (Italiano)
  • missiva (Português)
  • polemika (Slovenščina)
  • 讀者來信 (中文)
  • 读者来信 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/Letter
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Letter

magazine

Definition

A popular interest periodical usually containing articles on a variety of topics, written by various authors in a nonscholarly style or a trade publication, unlike a consumer publication, covers a specific topic for people who work in that particular field or industry. [Source: Adapted from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-trade-publication-exactly-2316039 and http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_m.aspx]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2cd9

Preferred Labels

  • Informationszeitschrift (Deutsch)
  • Magazin (Türkçe)
  • aikakauslehti (Suomi)
  • informativna revija (Slovenščina)
  • informativna revija (Српски)
  • magazine (Français)
  • magazine (English)
  • revista de divulgació (Català)
  • revista divulgativa (Español)
  • rivista divulgativa (Italiano)
  • tijdschrift (Nederlands)
  • информативна ревија (Српски)
  • периодическое печатное издание (Русский)
  • 雑誌 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • magazin (Српски)
  • magazine (Nederlands)
  • revista de divulgacion (Español)
  • revista de divulgacion cientifica (Español)
  • revista de divulgación (Español)
  • revista de divulgación científica (Español)
  • časnik (Slovenščina)
  • časopis (Slovenščina)
  • časopis (Српски)
  • магазин (Српски)
  • часопис (Српски)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Magazine

plant variety protection

Definition

Plant variety protection, also called a "plant breeder's right" (PBR), is a form of intellectual property right granted to the breeder of a new plant variety . According to this right, certain acts concerning the exploitation of the protected variety require the prior authorization of the breeder. Plant variety protection is an independent sui generis form of protection, tailored to protect new plant varieties and has certain features in common with other intellectual property rights. [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/GPQ7-G5VE

Preferred Labels

  • Sortenschutz (Deutsch)
  • bitki çeşitliliğini koruma (Türkçe)
  • certificat d'obtention végétale (Français)
  • kasvinjalostajanoikeus (Suomi)
  • obtención de variedades vegetales (Español)
  • plant variety protection (English)
  • plantenras bescherming (Nederlands)
  • privativa di varietà vegetale (Italiano)
  • protecció de les varietats vegetals (Català)
  • zaštićena biljna sorta (Српски)
  • žlahniteljska pravica (Slovenščina)
  • заштићена биљна сорта (Српски)
  • охрана новых сортов растений (Русский)
  • 植物新品种保护 (中文)
  • 育成者権 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • COB (Français)
  • obtenció de les varietats vegetals (Català)

Broader Concepts

design patent

Definition

A patent granted to any person who has invented any new and non-obvious ornamental design for an article of manufacture. The design patent protects only the appearance of an article, but not its structural or functional features. [Source: Adapted from https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/types-patent-applications/design-patent-application-guide#def]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/C53B-JCY5

Preferred Labels

  • Eingetragenes Design (Deutsch)
  • brevet de conception (Français)
  • brevetto di design (Italiano)
  • design patent (English)
  • mallipatentti (Suomi)
  • modelbescherming (Nederlands)
  • patent de disseny (Català)
  • patent za dizajn (Српски)
  • patent za oblikovanje (Slovenščina)
  • patente de diseño (Español)
  • tasarım patenti (Türkçe)
  • патент за дизајн (Српски)
  • патент на образец (Русский)
  • 意匠特許 (日本語)
  • 设计专利 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • brevet de design (Français)
  • tasarım tescili (Türkçe)

Broader Concepts

technical report

Definition

A document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research or the state of a technical or scientific research problem. It might also include recommendations and conclusions of the research. [Source: http://guides.library.cornell.edu/ecommons/types]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18gh

Preferred Labels

  • informe tècnic (Català)
  • informe técnico (Español)
  • rapport technique (Français)
  • rapporto tecnico (Italiano)
  • relatório técnico (Português)
  • technical report (English)
  • technická zpráva (Čeština)
  • technisch rapport (Nederlands)
  • technischer Bericht (Deutsch)
  • tehnički izveštaj (Српски)
  • tehnično poročilo (Slovenščina)
  • teknik rapor (Türkçe)
  • tekninen raportti (Suomi)
  • технический отчет (Русский)
  • технички извештај (Српски)
  • تقرير تقني (العربية)
  • テクニカルレポート (日本語)
  • 技术报告 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • informe tecnico (Español)
  • reporte tecnico (Español)
  • reporte técnico (Español)
  • 技術報告 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TechnicalReport

PCT application

Definition

A patent application filed through the WIPO-administered Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), also known as an international application. [Source: Adapted from https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/SB3Y-W4EH

Preferred Labels

  • Internationale Patentanmeldung (Deutsch)
  • PCT (Català)
  • PCT (Español)
  • PCT application (English)
  • PCT başvurusu (Türkçe)
  • PCT-aanvraag (Nederlands)
  • PCT出願 (日本語)
  • demande PCT (Français)
  • domanda internazionale di brevetto (Italiano)
  • kansainvälinen patenttihakemus (Suomi)
  • patentna prijava (Српски)
  • patentna prijava (Slovenščina)
  • Заявка РСТ (Русский)
  • патентна пријава (Српски)
  • 国际专利合作条约PCT申请 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Patent İşbirliği Anlaşması başvurusu (Türkçe)
  • aplicació del PCT (Català)
  • tractat de cooperació en materia de patents (Català)

Broader Concepts

data paper

Definition

A data paper is a scholarly publication describing a particular dataset or group of dataset, published in the form of a peer-reviewed article in a scholarly journal. The main purpose of a data paper is to describe data, the circumstances of their collection, and information related to data features, access and potential reuse. Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_paper and http://www.gbif.org/publishing-data/data-papers

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_beb9

Preferred Labels

  • Data Paper (Deutsch)
  • article de dades (Català)
  • artigo de dados (Português)
  • artículo de datos (Español)
  • data paper (Français)
  • data paper (English)
  • data paper (Italiano)
  • datadocumentatie (Nederlands)
  • tutkimusaineistoa kuvaava artikkeli (Suomi)
  • članak o skupu podataka (Српски)
  • članek o podatkovni zbirki (Slovenščina)
  • článek o datové sadě (Čeština)
  • статья с цифровыми данными (Русский)
  • чланак о скупу података (Српски)
  • ورقة بيانات (العربية)
  • データ論文 (日本語)
  • 数据文章 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Forschungsdatenartikel (Deutsch)
  • article sur les données (Français)
  • articulo de datos (Español)
  • articulo de datos cientificos (Español)
  • artículo de datos científicos (Español)
  • data descriptor (English)
  • data paper (Nederlands)
  • data paper (Português)
  • opis podatkovne zbirke (Slovenščina)
  • opis skupa podataka (Српски)
  • опис скупа података (Српски)
  • 數據文章 (中文)

Broader Concepts

text

Definition

A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. [Source: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf

Preferred Labels

  • Text (Deutsch)
  • besedilo (Slovenščina)
  • metin (Türkçe)
  • tekst (Српски)
  • tekst (Nederlands)
  • teksti (Suomi)
  • testo (Italiano)
  • text (English)
  • text (Català)
  • text (Čeština)
  • texte (Français)
  • texto (Español)
  • texto (Português)
  • текст (Српски)
  • текст (Русский)
  • نص (العربية)
  • テキスト (日本語)
  • 文本 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • tekst (Slovenščina)
  • 文档 (中文)
  • 文檔 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text

research report

Definition

It is publication that reports on the findings of a research project or alternatively scientific observations on or about a subject. [Source: Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_report]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18ws

Preferred Labels

  • Forschungsbericht (Deutsch)
  • araştırma raporu (Türkçe)
  • informe científico (Español)
  • informe de recerca (Català)
  • izveštaj o istraživanju (Српски)
  • onderzoeksrapport (Nederlands)
  • poročilo o rezultatih raziskav (Slovenščina)
  • rapport de recherche (Français)
  • rapporto di ricerca (Italiano)
  • relatório de investigação (Português)
  • research report (English)
  • tutkimusraportti (Suomi)
  • výzkumná zpráva (Čeština)
  • извештај о истраживању (Српски)
  • исследовательский отчет (Русский)
  • 研究報告書 (日本語)
  • 研究报告 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • informe cientifico (Español)
  • informe científic (Català)
  • informe de investigacion (Español)
  • informe de investigación (Español)
  • informe del resultado de una investigación (Español)
  • memoria científica (Español)
  • memòria científica (Català)
  • rapport scientifique (Français)
  • reporte cientifico (Español)
  • reporte científico (Español)
  • reporte de investigación (Español)
  • تقرير بحث (العربية)
  • تقرير علمي (العربية)
  • 研究報告 (中文)
  • 科研報告 (中文)
  • 科研报告 (中文)
  • 調研報告 (中文)
  • 调研报告 (中文)

Broader Concepts

data management plan

Definition

A formal statement describing how research data will be managed and documented throughout a research project and the terms regarding the subsequent deposit of the data with a data repository for long-term management and preservation. [Source: https://casrai.org/rdm-glossary]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_ab20

Preferred Labels

  • Datenmanagementplan (Deutsch)
  • data management plan (English)
  • data management plan (Nederlands)
  • datanhallintasuunnitelma (Suomi)
  • načrt ravnanja s podatki (Slovenščina)
  • piano di gestione dei dati (Italiano)
  • pla de gestió de dades (Català)
  • plan de gestion de données (Français)
  • plan de gestión de datos (Español)
  • plan upravljanja podacima (Српски)
  • plano de gestão de dados (Português)
  • план управления данными (Русский)
  • план управљања подацима (Српски)
  • データ管理計画 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • načrt upravljanja s podatki (Slovenščina)
  • pla d’administració de dades (Català)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataMangementPlan

newspaper

Definition

A non-peer reviewed periodical, usually published daily or weekly, consisting primarily of editorials and news items concerning current or recent events and matters of public interest. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Newspaper]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2fe3

Preferred Labels

  • Gazete (Türkçe)
  • Zeitung (Deutsch)
  • diari (Català)
  • giornale (Italiano)
  • journal (Français)
  • krant (Nederlands)
  • newspaper (English)
  • novine (Српски)
  • periódico (Español)
  • sanomalehti (Suomi)
  • časopis (Slovenščina)
  • газета (Русский)
  • новине (Српски)
  • 新聞 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • diario (Español)
  • časnik (Slovenščina)

Narrower Concepts

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Newspaper

book review

Definition

A written review and critical analysis of the content, scope and quality of a book or other monographic work. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookReview]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_ba08

Preferred Labels

  • Buchrezension (Deutsch)
  • boekbespreking (Nederlands)
  • book review (English)
  • kirja-arvostelu (Suomi)
  • kitap eleştirisi (Türkçe)
  • note de lecture (Français)
  • prikaz knjige (Српски)
  • recensione di libro (Italiano)
  • recensão de livro (Português)
  • recenze knihy (Čeština)
  • recenzija knjige (Slovenščina)
  • reseña de libro (Español)
  • ressenya de llibre (Català)
  • приказ књиге (Српски)
  • рецензия на книгу (Русский)
  • مراجعة كتاب (العربية)
  • 书评 (中文)
  • 書評 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Buchbesprechung (Deutsch)
  • Buchkritik (Deutsch)
  • boek review (Nederlands)
  • book reviews (English)
  • comentario de libro (Español)
  • critica de libro (Español)
  • critique de livre (Français)
  • crítica de libro (Español)
  • crítica de llibre (Català)
  • ficha de leitura (Português)
  • recension d'ouvrage (Français)
  • recension de libro (Español)
  • recensió de llibre (Català)
  • recensión de libro (Español)
  • recensão crítica (Português)
  • resenha de livro (Português)
  • نقد كتاب (العربية)
  • 書評 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/BookReview
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookReview

preprint

Definition

A preprint is a scientific manuscript without peer-review and has not yet been accepted by a journal, typicaly submitted to a public server/ repository by the author. [Source: Adapted from https://asapbio.org/preprint-info/preprint-faq#qaef-637]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_816b

Preferred Labels

  • Preprint (Deutsch)
  • articolo preliminare (Italiano)
  • artículo preliminar (Español)
  • preprint (Suomi)
  • preprint (Português)
  • preprint (Српски)
  • preprint (Nederlands)
  • preprint (English)
  • prépublication (Français)
  • publicació preliminar (Català)
  • ön baskı (Türkçe)
  • препринт (Русский)
  • препринт (Српски)
  • プレプリント (日本語)
  • 预印本 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Vorabdruck (Deutsch)
  • articulo preliminar (Español)
  • articulo sin revision por pares (Español)
  • artigo preliminar (Português)
  • artigo sem revisão (Português)
  • artículo sin revisión por pares (Español)
  • borrador (Español)
  • preprint (Italiano)
  • preprint (Español)
  • prepublicación (Español)
  • préprint (Français)
  • voordruk (Nederlands)
  • 先印本 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Preprint

moving image

Definition

A moving display, either generated dynamically by a computer program or formed from a series of pre-recorded still images imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MovingImage]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8a7e

Preferred Labels

  • Bewegte Bilder (Deutsch)
  • filmmateriaal (Nederlands)
  • gibljiva slika (Slovenščina)
  • hareketli görüntü (Türkçe)
  • image animée (Français)
  • imagem animada (Português)
  • imagen dinámica (Español)
  • imatge en moviment (Català)
  • immagine dinamica (Italiano)
  • liikkuva kuva (Suomi)
  • moving image (English)
  • pohyblivý obraz (Čeština)
  • pokretne slike (Српски)
  • движущееся изображение (Русский)
  • покретне слике (Српски)
  • صورة متحركة (العربية)
  • 動画 (日本語)
  • 运动图像 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • audiovisual (English)
  • imagem em movimento (Português)
  • imagen dinamica (Español)
  • imagen en movimiento (Español)
  • سمعي بصري (العربية)
  • 动画 (中文)
  • 動畫 (中文)
  • 運動圖像 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/MovingImage
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MovingImage

utility model

Definition

A special form of patent right granted by a state or jurisdiction to an inventor or the inventor’s assignee for a fixed period of time. The terms and conditions for granting a utility model are slightly different from those for normal patents (including a shorter term of protection and less stringent patentability requirements). The term can also describe what are known in certain countries as “petty patents,” “short-term patents” or “innovation patents.” [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/9DKX-KSAF

Preferred Labels

  • Gebrauchsmuster (Deutsch)
  • faydalı model (Türkçe)
  • gebruiksmodel (Nederlands)
  • hyödyllisyysmalli (Suomi)
  • mali patent (Српски)
  • model d'utilitat (Català)
  • modello di utilità (Italiano)
  • modelo de utilidad (Español)
  • modèle d'utilité (Français)
  • patent s skrajšanim trajanjem (Slovenščina)
  • utility model (English)
  • мали патент (Српски)
  • полезная модель (Русский)
  • 实用新型专利 (中文)
  • 実用新案 (日本語)

Broader Concepts

layout design

Definition

Layout-design (topography) means the three-dimensional disposition, however expressed, of the elements of an integrated circuit (at least one of which is an active element) and of some or all of the interconnections of an integrated circuit, or such a three-dimensional disposition prepared for an integrated circuit intended for manufacture [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/hk/hk028en.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/BW7T-YM2G

Preferred Labels

  • disseny de maqueta (Català)
  • lay-out ontwerp (Nederlands)
  • layout design (English)
  • layout di impianto (Italiano)
  • načrt postavitve (Slovenščina)
  • piirikaavio (Suomi)
  • schéma de configuration (Français)
  • shema konfiguracije (Српски)
  • topografía de productos semiconductores (Español)
  • topoğrafya (Türkçe)
  • компоновка (Русский)
  • схема конфигурације (Српски)
  • レイアウト設計 (日本語)
  • 布图设计 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • kytkentäkaavio (Suomi)
  • maquetació (Català)
  • schéma d'implantation (Français)
  • макетирование (Русский)

Broader Concepts

research software

Definition

Software that is used to generate, process or analyse results that you intend to appear in a publication (either in a journal, conference paper, monograph, book or thesis). Research software can be anything from a few lines of code written by yourself, to a professionally developed software package. [Source: https://datashare.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/785]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c950

Preferred Labels

  • Araştırma yazılımı (Türkçe)
  • Forschungssoftware (Deutsch)
  • onderzoekssoftware (Nederlands)
  • programari acadèmic (Català)
  • raziskovalna programska oprema (Slovenščina)
  • research software (English)
  • softver za nauku (Српски)
  • software de investigación (Español)
  • software per la ricerca (Italiano)
  • tutkimusohjelmisto (Suomi)
  • исследовательское программное обеспечение (Русский)
  • софтвер за науку (Српски)
  • 研究用ソフトウェア (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • istraživački softver (Српски)
  • naučni softver (Српски)
  • programari d’anàlisi (Català)
  • programari per recerca (Català)
  • tutkimussovellus (Suomi)
  • истраживачки софтвер (Српски)
  • научни софтвер (Српски)

Broader Concepts

image

Definition

A visual representation other than text, including all types of moving image and still image. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Image]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c513

Preferred Labels

  • Bild (Deutsch)
  • afbeelding (Nederlands)
  • görüntü (Türkçe)
  • image (English)
  • image (Français)
  • imagem (Português)
  • imagen (Español)
  • imatge (Català)
  • immagine (Italiano)
  • kuva (Suomi)
  • obraz (Čeština)
  • slika (Slovenščina)
  • slika (Српски)
  • test (Magyar)
  • изображение (Русский)
  • слика (Српски)
  • صورة (العربية)
  • イメージ (日本語)
  • 图像 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • beeldmateriaal (Nederlands)
  • figura (Español)
  • figura (Português)
  • figura (Català)
  • imaj (Türkçe)
  • vizualna upodobitev (Slovenščina)
  • vizuelni prikaz (Српски)
  • визуелни приказ (Српски)
  • 图片 (中文)
  • 圖像 (中文)
  • 圖片 (中文)
  • 影像 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: https://schema.org/MediaObject
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Image
Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Image
Narrow Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage

review

Definition

A review of others' published work. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Review]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_efa0

Preferred Labels

  • Rezension (Deutsch)
  • arvio (Suomi)
  • eleştiri (Türkçe)
  • prikaz (Српски)
  • recensione (Italiano)
  • recensão (Português)
  • recenze (Čeština)
  • recenzija (Slovenščina)
  • reseña (Español)
  • ressenya (Català)
  • review (Nederlands)
  • review (English)
  • synthèse (Français)
  • приказ (Српски)
  • рецензия (Русский)
  • مراجعة (العربية)
  • レビュー (日本語)
  • 评论 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • article de synthèse (Français)
  • bespreking (Nederlands)
  • comentari (Català)
  • comentario (Español)
  • critica (Español)
  • crítica (Español)
  • derleme (Türkçe)
  • kritički prikaz (Српски)
  • rassegna (Italiano)
  • recension (Español)
  • recension (Français)
  • recensió (Català)
  • recensión (Español)
  • recensão crítica (Português)
  • recenzija (Српски)
  • resenha (Português)
  • revisió (Català)
  • revisão (Português)
  • критички приказ (Српски)
  • рецензија (Српски)
  • نقد (العربية)
  • 綜述 (中文)
  • 综述 (中文)
  • 評審 (中文)
  • 評論 (中文)
  • 评审 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Review

survey data

Definition

Data resulting from a survey, which is defined as an investigation about the characteristics of a given population by means of collecting data from a sample of that population and estimating their characteristics through the systematic use of statistical methodology. Included are censuses, sample surveys, the collection of data from administrative records and derived statistical activities as well as questionnaires. [Source: Adapted from https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2620]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/NHD0-W6SY

Preferred Labels

  • Umfragedaten (Deutsch)
  • anket verisi (Türkçe)
  • anketni podaci (Српски)
  • anketni podatki (Slovenščina)
  • dades d'enquestes (Català)
  • dados de inquéritos (Português)
  • dati di indagine (Italiano)
  • datos de encuesta (Español)
  • donnée d'enquête (Français)
  • haastatteluaineisto (Suomi)
  • onderzoeksdata (Nederlands)
  • survey data (English)
  • анкетни подаци (Српски)
  • данные опроса (Русский)
  • 調査データ (日本語)
  • 调查数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • dades topogràfiques (Català)
  • onderzoeksgegevens (Nederlands)
  • survey-aineisto (Suomi)

Broader Concepts

dataset

Definition

A collection of related facts and data encoded in a defined structure. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Dataset]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_ddb1

Preferred Labels

  • Datensatz (Deutsch)
  • conjunt de dades (Català)
  • conjunto de dados (Português)
  • conjunto de datos (Español)
  • dataset (Italiano)
  • dataset (Nederlands)
  • dataset (English)
  • datová sada (Čeština)
  • jeu de données (Français)
  • podatkovna zbirka (Slovenščina)
  • skup podataka (Српски)
  • tutkimusaineisto (Suomi)
  • veri seti (Türkçe)
  • набор данных (Русский)
  • скуп података (Српски)
  • مجموعة بيانات (العربية)
  • データセット (日本語)
  • 数据集 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • base de dados (Português)
  • base de datos (Español)
  • dades de recerca (Català)
  • data sets (English)
  • dataset (Català)
  • dataset (Português)
  • grup de dades (Català)
  • grupo de datos (Español)
  • série de données (Français)
  • tutkimusdata (Suomi)
  • zbirka podatkov (Slovenščina)
  • سلسلة بيانات (العربية)
  • 數據集 (中文)
  • 資料組 (中文)
  • 资料组 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Dataset
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Dataset
Exact Match: https://schema.org/Dataset
Related Match: http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/contentTypes/cod

cartographic material

Definition

Any material representing the whole or part of the earth or any celestial body at any scale. Cartographic materials include two- and three-dimensional maps and plans (including maps of imaginary places); aeronautical, navigational, and celestial charts; atlases; globes; block diagrams; sections; aerial photographs with a cartographic purpose; bird's-eye views (map views), etc. [Source: http://www.loc.gov/marc/cfmap.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_12cc

Preferred Labels

  • cartografia (Italiano)
  • cartografisch materiaal (Nederlands)
  • cartographic material (English)
  • kartografický dokument (Čeština)
  • kartografik malzeme (Türkçe)
  • kartografinen aineisto (Suomi)
  • kartografska građa (Српски)
  • kartografsko gradivo (Slovenščina)
  • kartographisches Material (Deutsch)
  • material cartogràfic (Català)
  • material cartográfico (Español)
  • material cartográfico (Português)
  • matériel cartographique (Français)
  • картографический материал (Русский)
  • картографска грађа (Српски)
  • مادة خرائطية (العربية)
  • 地図資料 (日本語)
  • 地图类资料 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • kartografski material (Slovenščina)
  • kartografski materijal (Српски)
  • material cartografico (Español)
  • materiale cartografico (Italiano)
  • картографски материјал (Српски)
  • 地圖類資料 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

experimental data

Definition

Data resulting from the experimental research method involving the manipulation of some or all of the independent variables included in the hypotheses. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/63NG-B465

Preferred Labels

  • dades experimentals (Català)
  • dados experimentais (Português)
  • dati sperimentali (Italiano)
  • datos experimentales (Español)
  • deneysel veri (Türkçe)
  • donnée expérimentale (Français)
  • eksperimentalni podaci (Српски)
  • eksperimentalni podatki (Slovenščina)
  • experimental data (English)
  • experimentele data (Nederlands)
  • experimentelle Daten (Deutsch)
  • kokeellinen data (Suomi)
  • експериментални подаци (Српски)
  • экспериментальные данные (Русский)
  • 实验数据 (中文)
  • 実験データ (日本語)

Broader Concepts

conference poster

Definition

A display poster, published within a conference proceeding, typically containing text with illustrative figures and/or tables, usually reporting research results or proposing hypotheses, submitted for acceptance to and/or presented at a conference, seminar, symposium, workshop or similar event. [Source: Adapted http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePoster]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6670

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzposter (Deutsch)
  • conference poster (English)
  • conferentieposter (Nederlands)
  • konferans posteri (Türkçe)
  • poster dans une conférence (Français)
  • poster in congresso (Italiano)
  • poster na konferenci (Čeština)
  • poster na konferenci (Slovenščina)
  • poster sa konferencije (Српски)
  • posteri (Suomi)
  • pòster de congrés (Català)
  • póster de congreso (Español)
  • póster em conferência (Português)
  • постер са конференције (Српски)
  • стендовый доклад (Русский)
  • ملصق مؤتمر (العربية)
  • 会議発表ポスター (日本語)
  • 会议集里的会议海报/会议板报 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • cartel (Español)
  • poster (Italiano)
  • poster cientifico (Español)
  • poster de conférence (Français)
  • poster de congreso (Español)
  • poster de congrès (Français)
  • póster (Português)
  • póster científico (Español)
  • póster em congresso (Português)
  • ملصق (العربية)
  • 会议墙报 (中文)
  • 會議海報 (中文)
  • 會議牆報 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Event
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePoster

review article

Definition

A review article is a secondary source, that is, it is written about other articles, and does not report original research of its own. [Source: Adapted from http://apus.libanswers.com/faq/2324]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc

Preferred Labels

  • artículo de revisión (Español)
  • katsausartikkeli (Suomi)
  • overzichtsartikel (Nederlands)
  • pregledni znanstveni članek (Slovenščina)
  • pregledni članak (Српски)
  • přehledový článek (Čeština)
  • review article (English)
  • Übersichtsartikel (Deutsch)
  • обзорная статья (Русский)
  • прегледни чланак (Српски)
  • مقال نقد (العربية)
  • レビュー論文 (日本語)
  • 综述文章 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • article de revisió (Català)
  • article de synthèse (Français)
  • articulo de reseña (Español)
  • articulo de revision (Español)
  • artículo de reseña (Español)
  • derleme makale (Türkçe)
  • journal commentary (English)
  • pregledni naučni članak (Српски)
  • pregledni rad (Српски)
  • recensie-artikel (Nederlands)
  • прегледни научни чланак (Српски)
  • прегледни рад (Српски)
  • 综述 (中文)
  • 综述论文 (中文)
  • 综述评论性文章 (中文)
  • 综述评论性论文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReviewArticle

transcription

Definition

A written record of words spoken in court proceedings or in a speech, interview, broadcast, or sound recording. [Source: Adapted from https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_t.aspx]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/6NC7-GK9S

Preferred Labels

  • Transkription (Deutsch)
  • litteroitu teksti (Suomi)
  • transcripció (Català)
  • transcripción (Español)
  • transcriptie (Nederlands)
  • transcription (English)
  • transcription (Français)
  • transkripcija (Slovenščina)
  • transkripsiyon (Türkçe)
  • transkript (Српски)
  • trascrizione (Italiano)
  • транскрипт (Српски)
  • транскрипция (Русский)
  • 文字起こし (日本語)
  • 转录资料 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • prepis (Slovenščina)
  • 誊写记录 (中文)

Broader Concepts

software paper

Definition

A software paper should include the rationale for the development of the tool and details of the code used for its construction. [Source: Adapted from https://f1000research.com/for-authors/article-guidelines/software-tool-articles ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7bab

Preferred Labels

  • Softwareartikel (Deutsch)
  • artículo de software (Español)
  • descripció de programari (Català)
  • ohjelmistoa kuvaava artikkeli (Suomi)
  • software artikel (Nederlands)
  • software paper (English)
  • članak o računarskom programu (Српски)
  • članek o programski opremi (Slovenščina)
  • статья по программному обеспечению (Русский)
  • чланак о рачунарском програму (Српски)
  • ソフトウェア論文 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • article décrivant un logiciel (Français)
  • article sobre programari (Català)
  • article sur un logiciel (Français)
  • opis programske opreme (Slovenščina)
  • opis računarskog programa (Српски)
  • opis softvera (Српски)
  • software paper (Français)
  • software tool article (English)
  • članak o softveru (Српски)
  • опис рачунарског програма (Српски)
  • опис софтвера (Српски)
  • чланак о софтверу (Српски)

Broader Concepts

corrigendum

Definition

A formal correction to an error introduced by the author into a previously published document. (adapted from https://sparontologies.github.io/fabio/current/fabio.html#d4e2712)

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7acd

Preferred Labels

  • Korrigendum (Deutsch)
  • correcció d’errors (Català)
  • corrigenda (Español)
  • corrigenda (Suomi)
  • corrigendum (Nederlands)
  • corrigendum (English)
  • erratum (Српски)
  • erratum (Français)
  • erratum (Српски)
  • popravek članka (Slovenščina)
  • исправление (Русский)
  • 正誤表 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Berichtigung (Deutsch)
  • correcció (Català)
  • corrigendum (Српски)
  • corrigendum (Српски)
  • errata (Suomi)
  • fe d'errates (Català)
  • fe de erratas (Español)
  • ispravka (Српски)
  • исправка (Српски)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Correction
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Corrigendum
Related Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Erratum

doctoral thesis

Definition

A thesis reporting the research undertaken during a period of graduate study leading to a doctoral degree. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DoctoralThesis]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06

Preferred Labels

  • Dissertation (Deutsch)
  • disertační práce (Čeština)
  • doctoral thesis (English)
  • doktora tezi (Türkçe)
  • doktorska disertacija (Српски)
  • doktorska disertacija (Slovenščina)
  • proefschrift (Nederlands)
  • tese de doutoramento (Português)
  • tesi di dottorato (Italiano)
  • tesi doctoral (Català)
  • tesis doctoral (Español)
  • thèse de doctorat (Français)
  • väitöskirja (Suomi)
  • докторска дисертација (Српски)
  • докторская диссертация (Русский)
  • اطروحة دكتوراه (العربية)
  • 博士学位论文 (中文)
  • 博士論文 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Habilitation (Deutsch)
  • PhD Thesis (English)
  • dissertatie (Nederlands)
  • dissertation (English)
  • doktorsko delo (Slovenščina)
  • doktorská práce (Čeština)
  • mémoire de thèse de doctorat (Français)
  • rapport de thèse de doctorat (Français)
  • tesis de doctorado (Español)
  • اطروحة (العربية)
  • 博士學位論文 (中文)
  • 博士研究生毕业文论 (中文)
  • 博士研究生畢業論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Thesis

plant patent

Definition

A patent granted to anyone who has invented or discovered and asexually reproduced any distinct and new variety of plant, including cultivated sports, mutants, hybrids, and newly found seedlings, other than a tuber-propagated plant or a plant found in an uncultivated state. [Source: Adapted from https://www.uspto.gov/patents/basics/types-patent-applications/general-information-about-35-usc-161#heading-1]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/Z907-YMBB

Preferred Labels

  • Pflanzenpatent (Deutsch)
  • bitki patenti (Türkçe)
  • brevet de plante (Français)
  • brevetto di pianta (Italiano)
  • kasvinjalostepatentti (Suomi)
  • kwekersrecht (Nederlands)
  • patent de plantes (Català)
  • patente de plantas (Español)
  • patentirana sorta (Српски)
  • plant patent (English)
  • rastlinska sorta (Slovenščina)
  • патент на растение (Русский)
  • патентирана сорта (Српски)
  • 品种专属权 (中文)
  • 植物特許 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • brevet végétal (Français)

Broader Concepts

editorial

Definition

A brief essay expressing the opinion or position of the chief editor(s) of a (academic) journal with respect to a current political, social, cultural, or professional issue. [Source: Adapted from ODLIS [Source: http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_e.aspx ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_b239

Preferred Labels

  • Editoryal (Türkçe)
  • Vorwort (Deutsch)
  • editorial (English)
  • editorial (Español)
  • editorial (Català)
  • editorial (Português)
  • editoriale (Italiano)
  • pääkirjoitus (Suomi)
  • uvodnik (Slovenščina)
  • uvodnik (Српски)
  • voorwoord (Nederlands)
  • éditorial (Français)
  • úvodník (Čeština)
  • редакционная (Русский)
  • уводник (Српски)
  • افتتاحية (العربية)
  • エディトリアル (日本語)
  • 社论 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Leitartikel (Deutsch)
  • artículo de fondo (Español)
  • editorial de revista (Português)
  • editorial de revista (Español)
  • editorial de revista (Català)
  • presentació (Català)
  • reč urednika (Српски)
  • tribuna de opinión (Español)
  • édito (Français)
  • реч уредника (Српски)
  • 社評 (中文)
  • 社論 (中文)
  • 社评 (中文)

Broader Concepts

manuscript

Definition

A manuscript is a work of any kind (text, inscription, music score, map, etc.) written entirely by hand. [Source: https://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_m.aspx]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_0040

Preferred Labels

  • Manuskript (Deutsch)
  • Yazma eser (Türkçe)
  • käsikirjoitus (Suomi)
  • manoscritto (Italiano)
  • manuscript (English)
  • manuscript (Nederlands)
  • manuscrit (Français)
  • manuscrit (Català)
  • manuscrito (Español)
  • rukopis (Српски)
  • рукопис (Српски)
  • рукопись (Русский)
  • 手稿 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • El yazması (Türkçe)
  • document original (Català)
  • handschrift (Nederlands)
  • rokopis (Slovenščina)
  • rukopisna građa (Српски)
  • манускрипт (Русский)
  • рукописна грађа (Српски)

Broader Concepts

research protocol

Definition

The protocol is a detailed plan of the research study including a project summary, project description covering the rationale, objectives, methodology, data management and analysis, ethical considerations, gender issues and references. [Source: Adapted from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/a-practical-guide-for-health-researchers]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/YZ1N-ZFT9

Preferred Labels

  • araştırma protokolü (Türkçe)
  • onderzoeksprotocol (Nederlands)
  • protocol de recerca (Català)
  • protocole de recherche (Français)
  • protocollo di ricerca (Italiano)
  • protocolo de investigación (Español)
  • protokol istraživanja (Српски)
  • protokol raziskave (Slovenščina)
  • research protocol (English)
  • tutkimussuunnitelma (Suomi)
  • протокол исследования (Русский)
  • протокол истраживања (Српски)
  • 研究プロトコル (日本語)
  • 研究方案 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • metodologia de recerca (Català)
  • metodología de investigación (Español)
  • raziskovalni protokol (Slovenščina)

Broader Concepts

source code

Definition

Source code is any collection of code, with or without comments, written using a human-readable programming language, usually as plain text. [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/QH80-2R4E

Preferred Labels

  • Quellcode (Deutsch)
  • broncode (Nederlands)
  • code source (Français)
  • codi font (Català)
  • codice sorgente (Italiano)
  • código fonte (Português)
  • código fuente (Español)
  • izvorna koda (Slovenščina)
  • izvorni softverski kod (Српски)
  • kaynak kodu (Türkçe)
  • lähdekoodi (Suomi)
  • source code (English)
  • изворни софтверски код (Српски)
  • исходный код (Русский)
  • ソースコード (日本語)
  • 源代码 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • brontekst (Nederlands)

Broader Concepts

policy report

Definition

A policy report presents what is known about a particular issue or problem. It assembles facts and evidence to help readers understand complex issues and form a response. It might aim to be neutral, or it might aim to persuade readers in a particular direction. [Source: https://www.uow.edu.au/student/learning-co-op/assessments/policy-report/#]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_186u

Preferred Labels

  • Policy Report (Deutsch)
  • analiza politike (Српски)
  • beleidsrapport (Nederlands)
  • informativa politica (Italiano)
  • informe de política (Català)
  • memoria de actuación (Español)
  • policy report (English)
  • politiikkaraportti (Suomi)
  • politika raporu (Türkçe)
  • rapport stratégique (Français)
  • relatório de política (Português)
  • strateško poročilo (Slovenščina)
  • zpráva k politice nebo strategii (Čeština)
  • анализа политике (Српски)
  • отчет о политике (Русский)
  • تقرير عن السياسات (العربية)
  • ポリシーレポート (日本語)
  • 政策报告 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Grundsatzpapier (Deutsch)
  • Strategiepapier (Deutsch)
  • informe de actuación (Español)
  • informe de gestió (Català)
  • informe de gestión (Español)
  • informe sobre políticas (Español)
  • memoria de protocolo de actuación (Español)
  • 政策報告 (中文)

Broader Concepts

journal article

Definition

An article, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, published in a journal issue. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501

Preferred Labels

  • Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (Deutsch)
  • article (Français)
  • article de revista (Català)
  • articolo in rivista (Italiano)
  • artigo (Português)
  • artículo (Español)
  • dergi makalesi (Türkçe)
  • journal article (English)
  • tieteellinen artikkeli (Suomi)
  • wetenschappelijk artikel (Nederlands)
  • članak u časopisu (Српски)
  • članek v reviji (Slovenščina)
  • článek v odborném časopisu (Čeština)
  • журнальная статья (Русский)
  • чланак у часопису (Српски)
  • مقال في دورية (العربية)
  • 学术论文 (中文)
  • 学術雑誌論文 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • article (Català)
  • article (English)
  • article científic (Català)
  • article de recherche (Français)
  • article revisat per parells (Català)
  • article scientifique (Français)
  • articolo (Italiano)
  • articulo (Español)
  • articulo cientifico (Español)
  • artigo científico (Português)
  • artigo em revista (Português)
  • artículo científico (Español)
  • artículo de revista (Español)
  • artículo revisado por pares (Español)
  • departmental bulletin paper (English)
  • journal articles (English)
  • naučni članak (Српски)
  • paper (English)
  • papier (Français)
  • rad u časopisu (Српски)
  • научни чланак (Српски)
  • рад у часопису (Српски)
  • 學術論文 (中文)
  • 文章 (中文)
  • 期刊文章 (中文)
  • 期刊論文 (中文)
  • 期刊论文 (中文)
  • 紀要論文 (日本語)
  • 記事 (日本語)
  • 論文 (中文)
  • 论文 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: https://schema.org/Article
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle
Related Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/SubmittedJournalArticle
Related Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalItem

annotation

Definition

An annotation in the sense of a legal note is a legally explanatory comment on a decision handed down by a court or arbitral tribunal. [Source: DRIVER info:eu-repo definition]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1162

Preferred Labels

  • Urteilsanmerkung (Deutsch)
  • annotatie (Nederlands)
  • annotation (Français)
  • annotation (English)
  • anotacija (Српски)
  • anotació (Català)
  • anotação (Português)
  • açıklama (Türkçe)
  • commento (Italiano)
  • kommentaari (Suomi)
  • nota de jurisprudencia (Español)
  • právní komentář rozsudku nebo rozhodnutí (Čeština)
  • zaznamek (Slovenščina)
  • аннотация (Русский)
  • анотација (Српски)
  • شرح (العربية)
  • 标注 (中文)
  • 注釈 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • Entscheidungsanmerkung (Deutsch)
  • annotazione (Italiano)
  • anotación (Español)
  • apontamento (Português)
  • beleška (Српски)
  • comentario (Español)
  • comentário (Português)
  • dipnot (Türkçe)
  • glosa (Português)
  • glosa (Español)
  • glossa (Català)
  • glossa (Italiano)
  • komentar (Српски)
  • nota (Español)
  • nota (Português)
  • nota (Italiano)
  • nota (Català)
  • nota a un texto de jurisprudencia (Español)
  • note to a legal judgment (English)
  • opomba (Slovenščina)
  • pravno mnenje (Slovenščina)
  • zaznamba (Slovenščina)
  • белешка (Српски)
  • коментар (Српски)
  • реферат (Русский)
  • 標注 (中文)
  • 注释 (中文)
  • 註釋 (中文)
  • 詮釋 (中文)
  • 诠释 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Related Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LegalOpinion

still image

Definition

A recorded static visual representation. This class of image includes diagrams, drawings, graphs, graphic designs, plans, photographs and prints. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StillImage]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_ecc8

Preferred Labels

  • Einzelbild (Deutsch)
  • hareketsiz görüntü (Türkçe)
  • image fixe (Français)
  • imagem estática (Português)
  • imagen fija (Español)
  • imatge fixa (Català)
  • immagine fissa (Italiano)
  • nepohyblivý obraz (Čeština)
  • statična slika (Српски)
  • statična vizualna predstavitev (Slovenščina)
  • still image (English)
  • still-kuva (Suomi)
  • stilstaandbeeld (Nederlands)
  • неподвижное изображение (Русский)
  • статична слика (Српски)
  • صورة ثابته (العربية)
  • 静态图像 (中文)
  • 静止画 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • afbeelding (Nederlands)
  • imagem (Português)
  • imagem fixa (Português)
  • imatge estàtica (Català)
  • statična vizuelna predstava (Српски)
  • статична визуелна представа (Српски)
  • 静止图像 (中文)
  • 靜態圖像 (中文)
  • 靜止圖像 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Image
Exact Match: http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/contentTypes/sti
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StillImage
Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage

measurement and test data

Definition

Data resulting from assessing specific properties (or characteristics) of beings, things, phenomena, (and/ or processes) by applying pre-established standards and/or specialized instruments or techniques. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/DD58-GFSX

Preferred Labels

  • Mess- und Testdaten (Deutsch)
  • dades de mesures i proves (Català)
  • dados de medição e de ensaio (Português)
  • dati di misurazione e test (Italiano)
  • datos de medición y prueba (Español)
  • donnée de mesure et d'essai (Français)
  • measurement and test data (English)
  • meet- en testdata (Nederlands)
  • merilni in testni podatki (Slovenščina)
  • mittaus- ja testausdata (Suomi)
  • podaci merenja i ispitivanja (Српски)
  • ölçüm ve test verisi (Türkçe)
  • данные измерений и испытаний (Русский)
  • подаци мерења и испитивања (Српски)
  • 测量与测试数据 (中文)
  • 測定・評価データ (日本語)

Broader Concepts

trademark

Definition

A sign used to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of others. A trademark may consist of words and combinations of words (for instance, names or slogans), logos, figures and images, letters, numbers, sounds, or, in rare instances, smells or moving images, or a combination thereof. [Source: https://www.wipo.int/trademarks/en]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/H6QP-SC1X

Preferred Labels

  • Warenzeichen (Deutsch)
  • blagovna znamka (Slovenščina)
  • handelsmerk (Nederlands)
  • logo (Català)
  • marca (Español)
  • marchio depositato (Italiano)
  • marka (Türkçe)
  • marque déposée (Français)
  • tavaramerkki (Suomi)
  • trademark (English)
  • zaštitni znak (Српски)
  • заштитни знак (Српски)
  • торговая марка (Русский)
  • 商标 (中文)
  • 商標 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • logosímbol (Català)
  • marca (Català)
  • marque commerciale (Français)
  • símbol (Català)
  • ticari marka (Türkçe)

report

Definition

A report is a separately published record of research findings, research still in progress, policy developments and events, or other technical findings, usually bearing a report number and sometimes a grant number assigned by the funding agency. Also, an official record of the activities of a committee or corporate entity, the proceedings of a government body, or an investigation by an agency, whether published or private, usually archived or submitted to a higher authority, voluntarily or under mandate. In a more general sense, any formal account of facts or information related to a specific event or phenomenon, sometimes given at regular intervals. [Source: http://lu.com/odlis/odlis_R.cfm#report ]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_93fc

Preferred Labels

  • Bericht (Deutsch)
  • informe (Español)
  • informe (Català)
  • izveštaj (Српски)
  • poročilo (Slovenščina)
  • rapor (Türkçe)
  • raportti (Suomi)
  • rapport (Français)
  • rapport (Nederlands)
  • rapporto (Italiano)
  • relatório (Português)
  • report (English)
  • zpráva (Čeština)
  • извештај (Српски)
  • отчет (Русский)
  • تقرير (العربية)
  • 報告書 (日本語)
  • 报告 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • estudi (Català)
  • estudio (Español)
  • memoria (Español)
  • paper (English)
  • relacion (Español)
  • relación (Español)
  • report (Italiano)
  • reporte (Español)
  • reports (English)
  • 報告 (中文)
  • 研究报告 (中文)
  • 科研报告 (中文)
  • 调研报告 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Report
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Report

industrial design

Definition

Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of industrial products and handicrafts. They refer to the ornamental or aesthetic aspects of a useful article,including compositions of lines or colors or any three-dimensional forms that give a special appearance to a product or handicraft. [Source: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_943_2018.pdf]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/JBNF-DYAD

Preferred Labels

  • diseño industrial (Español)
  • disseny industrial (Català)
  • endüstriyel tasarım (Türkçe)
  • industrial design (English)
  • industrieel ontwerp (Nederlands)
  • industrijski dizajn (Српски)
  • industrijsko oblikovanje (Slovenščina)
  • schema industriale (Italiano)
  • schéma industriel (Français)
  • tuotesuunnnitelma (Suomi)
  • индустријски дизајн (Српски)
  • промышленный дизайн (Русский)
  • 工业图纸 (中文)
  • 工業デザイン (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • dessin industriel (Français)

Broader Concepts

software patent

Definition

In order to obtain a patent, a software invention must not fall under other non-patentable subject matter (for example, abstract ideas or mathematical theories) and has to fulfill the other substantive patentability criteria (for example, novelty, inventive step [non-obviousness] and industrial applicability [usefulness]). [Source: https://www.wipo.int/patents/en/faq_patents.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/MW8G-3CR8

Preferred Labels

  • Softwarepatent (Deutsch)
  • brevet de logiciel (Français)
  • brevetto software (Italiano)
  • ohjelmistopatentti (Suomi)
  • patent de programari (Català)
  • patent za programsko opremo (Slovenščina)
  • patente de software (Español)
  • patentirani softver (Српски)
  • software patent (English)
  • softwarepatent (Nederlands)
  • yazılım patenti (Türkçe)
  • патент на программное обеспечение (Русский)
  • патентирани софтвер (Српски)
  • ソフトウェア特許 (日本語)
  • 软件著作权 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • brevet logiciel (Français)
  • octrooi op software (Nederlands)
  • softverski patent (Српски)
  • софтверски патент (Српски)
  • 软件专利 (中文)

Broader Concepts

thesis

Definition

A book authored by a student containing a formal presentations of research outputs submitted for examination in completion of a course of study at an institution of higher education, to fulfil the requirements for an academic degree. Also know as a dissertation. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesis]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_46ec

Preferred Labels

  • kvalifikační práce (Čeština)
  • opinnäyte (Suomi)
  • schriftliche Abschlussarbeit (Deutsch)
  • scriptie (Nederlands)
  • tese (Português)
  • tesi (Italiano)
  • tesi (Català)
  • tesis (Español)
  • tez (Türkçe)
  • teza (Српски)
  • thesis (English)
  • thèse (Français)
  • zaključno delo študija (Slovenščina)
  • диссертация (Русский)
  • теза (Српски)
  • رسالة (العربية)
  • 学位論文 (日本語)
  • 学位论文 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • disertacija (Српски)
  • mémoire de thèse (Français)
  • rapport de thèse (Français)
  • дисертација (Српски)
  • 學位論文 (中文)
  • 毕业论文 (中文)
  • 畢業論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
Exact Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Thesis
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesis
Narrow Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BachelorsThesis

letter to the editor

Definition

A letter addressed to the editor and comments on or discussed an item previously published by that periodical, or of interest to its readership. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Letter]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_545b

Preferred Labels

  • Leserbrief (Deutsch)
  • carta al director (Español)
  • carta al director (Català)
  • carta ao editor (Português)
  • dopis redakci (Čeština)
  • ingezonden brief (Nederlands)
  • kirje päätoimittajalle (Suomi)
  • letter to the editor (English)
  • lettera al direttore (Italiano)
  • lettre à l'éditeur (Français)
  • pismo uredniku (Српски)
  • pismo uredniku (Slovenščina)
  • писмо уреднику (Српски)
  • письмо редактору (Русский)
  • رسالة الى المحرر (العربية)
  • 来信 (日本語)
  • 读者来信 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • boletin (Español)
  • boletín (Español)
  • bulletin (Français)
  • carta al director de revista (Español)
  • carta al editor (Español)
  • carta al editor de revista (Español)
  • carta ao diretor (Português)
  • comunicazione in rivista (Italiano)
  • folleto (Español)
  • gaceta (Español)
  • gacetilla (Español)
  • newsletter (Français)
  • pismo redakciji (Српски)
  • pismo uredništvu (Српски)
  • писмо редакцији (Српски)
  • писмо уредништву (Српски)
  • 快報 (中文)
  • 快报 (中文)
  • 讀者來信 (中文)

Broader Concepts

bachelor thesis

Definition

A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of an undergraduate course of education leading to a bachelor's degree. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BachelorsThesis]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f

Preferred Labels

  • Abschlussarbeit (Bachelor) (Deutsch)
  • bachelor thesis (English)
  • bachelorscriptie (Nederlands)
  • bakalářská práce (Čeština)
  • diplomski rad (Српски)
  • diplomsko delo (Slovenščina)
  • kandidaatin tutkielma (Suomi)
  • lisans tezi (Türkçe)
  • mémoire de stage (Français)
  • proyecto fin de carrera (Español)
  • tesi di laurea (Italiano)
  • trabalho de fim de curso (Português)
  • treball de fi de grau (Català)
  • бакалаврская диссертация (Русский)
  • дипломски рад (Српски)
  • رسالة بكالوريوس (العربية)
  • 学士学位论文 (中文)
  • 学士論文 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • bachelor dissertation (English)
  • diplomska naloga (Slovenščina)
  • monografia de fim de curso (Português)
  • monografia de licenciatura (Português)
  • projecte final de carrera (Català)
  • rapport de stage (Français)
  • tesina (Español)
  • tesis de bachiller (Español)
  • tesis de licenciatura (Español)
  • trabajo de fin de carrera (Español)
  • trabajo final de grado (Español)
  • trabalho de fim de licenciatura (Português)
  • 學士學位論文 (中文)
  • 本科毕业论文 (中文)
  • 本科畢業論文 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/eprint/type/Thesis
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BachelorsThesis

recorded data

Definition

Data registered by mechanical or electronic means, in a form that allows the information to be retrieved and/or reproduced. For example, images or sounds on disc or magnetic tape. [Source: Adapted from https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/CQMR-7K63

Preferred Labels

  • aufgezeichnete Daten (Deutsch)
  • dades enregistrades (Català)
  • dados registados (Português)
  • dati registrati (Italiano)
  • datos registrados (Español)
  • donnée enregistrée (Français)
  • kaydedilmiş veri (Türkçe)
  • posneti podatki (Slovenščina)
  • recorded data (English)
  • snimljeni podaci (Српски)
  • tallennettu data (Suomi)
  • vastgelegde data (Nederlands)
  • записанные данные (Русский)
  • снимљени подаци (Српски)
  • 記録データ (日本語)
  • 记录数据 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • datos grabados (Español)
  • geregistreerde gegevens (Nederlands)
  • opgenomen data (Nederlands)
  • zabeleženi podatki (Slovenščina)

Broader Concepts

blog post

Definition

A piece of writing or other item of content published on a blog. [Source: https://www.lexico.com/definition/blog_post]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6947

Preferred Labels

  • Blog yazısı (Türkçe)
  • Blogbeitrag (Deutsch)
  • article de blog (Français)
  • articolo di blog (Italiano)
  • blog post (Nederlands)
  • blog post (English)
  • blogiteksti (Suomi)
  • entrada de blog (Español)
  • entrada de blog (Català)
  • prispevek na blogu (Slovenščina)
  • tekst na blogu (Српски)
  • пост (Русский)
  • текст на блогу (Српски)
  • ブログ記事 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • apunt de blog (Català)
  • billet de blog (Français)
  • missatge de blog (Català)
  • notícia de blog (Català)
  • post de blog (Français)
  • пост в блоге (Русский)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebContent
Broad Match: https://schema.org/Blog
Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BlogPost

conference poster not in proceedings

Definition

A display poster, typically containing text with illustrative figures and/or tables, usually reporting research results or proposing hypotheses, submitted for acceptance to and/or presented at a conference, seminar, symposium, workshop or similar event. Use this label when the poster is not published in a proceeding. [Source: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePoster]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18co

Preferred Labels

  • Konferenzposter nicht im Tagungsband (Deutsch)
  • conference poster not in proceedings (English)
  • conferentie poster niet in proceedings (Nederlands)
  • konferenční poster nezahrnutý ve sborníku (Čeština)
  • neobjavljen poster sa konferencije (Српски)
  • poster (Slovenščina)
  • poster dans une conférence non publié dans les actes (Français)
  • poster non pubblicato in atti di congresso (Italiano)
  • posteri erillisjulkaisuna (Suomi)
  • pòster de congrés no publicat (Català)
  • póster no publicado en actas de congreso (Español)
  • póster não publicado nas atas da conferência (Português)
  • yayınlanmamış konferans posteri (Türkçe)
  • необјављен постер са конференције (Српски)
  • стендовый доклад не включенный в материалы конференции (Русский)
  • 会議発表ポスター(会議録未掲載) (日本語)
  • 非会议集里的会议海报/会议板报 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • plakat (Slovenščina)
  • poster (Português)
  • poster de conférence non publié dans les actes (Français)
  • póster não publicado nas atas do congresso (Português)
  • 未發表在會議論文集中的海報 (中文)

Broader Concepts

software

Definition

A computer program in source code (text) or compiled form. [Source: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Software]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_5ce6

Preferred Labels

  • Software (Deutsch)
  • logiciel (Français)
  • ohjelmisto (Suomi)
  • programari (Català)
  • programska oprema (Slovenščina)
  • računarski program (Српски)
  • software (English)
  • software (Nederlands)
  • software (Español)
  • software (Čeština)
  • software (Português)
  • software (Italiano)
  • yazılım (Türkçe)
  • программное обеспечение (Русский)
  • рачунарски програм (Српски)
  • برنامج حاسوب (العربية)
  • ソフトウェア (日本語)
  • 软件 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • développement informatique (Français)
  • počítačový program (Čeština)
  • programa de computador (Português)
  • programa informatico (Español)
  • programa informàtic (Català)
  • programa informático (Español)
  • programa informático (Português)
  • programma informatico (Italiano)
  • programme informatique (Français)
  • softver (Српски)
  • софтвер (Српски)
  • برنامج كمبيوتر (العربية)
  • 軟件 (中文)
  • 軟體 (中文)
  • 软体 (中文)

Narrower Concepts

Related terms (external)

Broad Match: http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/contentTypes/cop
Broad Match: https://schema.org/SoftwareApplication
Exact Match: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Software

aggregated data

Definition

Statistics that relate to broad classes, groups, or categories. The data are averaged, totaled, or otherwise derived from individual-level data, and it is no longer possible to distinguish the characteristics of individuals within those classes, groups, or categories. For example, the number and age group of the unemployed in specific geographic regions, or national level statistics on the occurrence of specific offences, originally derived from the statistics of individual police districts. [Source: https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_3.0.html]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/ACF7-8YT9

Preferred Labels

  • aggregated data (English)
  • aggregierte Daten (Deutsch)
  • aggregoitu tilastotieto (Suomi)
  • agregirani podaci (Српски)
  • agregirani podatki (Slovenščina)
  • birleştirilmiş veri (Türkçe)
  • dades agregades (Català)
  • dados agregados (Português)
  • dati aggregati (Italiano)
  • datos agregados (Español)
  • données agrégées (Français)
  • geaggregeerde data (Nederlands)
  • агрегирани подаци (Српски)
  • агрегированные данные (Русский)
  • 聚合数据 (中文)
  • 集計データ (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • izpeljani podatki (Slovenščina)
  • združeni podatki (Slovenščina)

Broader Concepts

workflow

Definition

A recorded sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, specifying a reliably repeatable sequence of operations to be undertaken when conducting a particular job, for example an in silico investigation that extracts and processes information from a number of bioinformatics databases. [Source: Adapted from http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Workflow]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_393c

Preferred Labels

  • Workflow (Deutsch)
  • delovni tok (Slovenščina)
  • flujo de trabajo (Español)
  • flux de treball (Català)
  • fluxo de trabalho (Português)
  • iş akışı (Türkçe)
  • pracovní postup (Čeština)
  • procedura (Italiano)
  • radni proces (Српски)
  • työnkulku (Suomi)
  • workflow (Nederlands)
  • workflow (English)
  • workflow (Français)
  • рабочий процесс (Русский)
  • радни процес (Српски)
  • سير العمل (العربية)
  • ワークフロー (日本語)
  • 工作流程 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • Arbeitsablauf (Deutsch)
  • cicle de treball (Català)
  • flusso di lavoro (Italiano)
  • flux de travail (Français)
  • flux de travaux (Français)
  • flux opérationnel (Français)
  • procedura (Čeština)
  • procedura (Српски)
  • workflow (Italiano)
  • workflow (Português)
  • процедура (Српски)
  • 工作流 (中文)

Related terms (external)

Exact Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Workflow

lecture

Definition

Transcription of an oral presentation/talk intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject, for example by a university or college teacher. [Source: Adopted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture]

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_8544

Preferred Labels

  • Vorlesung (Deutsch)
  • conferència acadèmica (Català)
  • cours magistral (Français)
  • ders (Türkçe)
  • lecture (English)
  • lecture (Nederlands)
  • lezione (Italiano)
  • luento (Suomi)
  • palestra (Português)
  • ponencia (Español)
  • predavanje (Српски)
  • predavanje (Slovenščina)
  • přednáška (Čeština)
  • лекция (Русский)
  • предавање (Српски)
  • محاضرة (العربية)
  • 講演 (日本語)
  • 讲座 (中文)

Alternate Labels

  • charla magistral (Español)
  • classe magistral (Català)
  • conferencia (Español)
  • conferencia academica (Español)
  • conferencia académica (Español)
  • conferencia magistral (Español)
  • conferência (Português)
  • disertacion (Español)
  • disertación (Español)
  • enseignement magistral (Français)
  • lectures (English)
  • lição (Português)
  • prelecção (Português)
  • preleção (Português)
  • محاضرات (العربية)
  • 演講 (中文)
  • 演讲 (中文)
  • 講座 (中文)
  • 講課 (中文)
  • 讲课 (中文)

Broader Concepts

Related terms (external)

Narrow Match: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LectureNotes

research article

Definition

A research article is a primary source, that is, it reports the methods and results of an original study performed by the authors. (adapted from http://apus.libanswers.com/faq/2324)

URI

http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1

Preferred Labels

  • Forschungsartikel (Deutsch)
  • araştırma makalesi (Türkçe)
  • article de recerca (Català)
  • artículo original (Español)
  • naučni članak (Српски)
  • onderzoeksartikel (Nederlands)
  • původní článek (Čeština)
  • research article (English)
  • tutkimusartikkeli (Suomi)
  • znanstveni članek (Slovenščina)
  • научная статья (Русский)
  • научни чланак (Српски)
  • مقال بحث (العربية)
  • 原创研究文章 (中文)
  • 原著論文 (日本語)

Alternate Labels

  • article científic (Català)
  • article de recherche (Français)
  • articulo cientifico (Español)
  • articulo de investigacion (Español)
  • articulo original (Español)
  • artículo científico (Español)
  • artículo de investigación (Español)
  • originalni naučni rad (Српски)
  • originalni naučni članak (Српски)
  • исследовательская статья (Русский)
  • оригинални научни рад (Српски)
  • оригинални научни чланак (Српски)
  • публикация в научном журнале (Русский)
  • 原创研究论文 (中文)

Broader Concepts